CHAPTER V I L 
organs of reproduction. milk. breeding. pregnancy, 
parturition. 
Organs of Reproduction. 
The male organs of generation. — In the male we find glands 
(testicles) to secrete the seminal fluid and an organ, the penis, by 
means of which this fluid may be conveyed to the female. 
The testicles are two glandular bodies, globular in shape ; the 
substance is soft and on section of a light brownish colour. They 
are suspended freely in the abdomen and are situated below the 
posterior extremities of the kidneys. 
The penis is a long fleshy body, which serves to afford passage 
to the urine and also to eject the semen. At its extremity is the 
opening of the urethra which in this animal is Y-shaped. 
With a view to preventing that peculiar sexual disturbance 
known as musth, many attempts have been made to castrate these 
creatures ; but owing to the immense size of the carcase and the 
peculiar position of the testicles, the operation is necessarily a very 
formidable and dangerous one. The operation must be performed 
on both sides. 
The female orga?is. — The female organs of generation are 
divided into external and internal. 
The external or uro-genital opening known as the vulva is not 
situated near the anus, as in many animals, but is drawn forw^ard 
and so occupies the position of the penis in the male. The sides 
are loose and the labia or lips covered with mucous membrane form 
a prepuce or covering for the clitoris. 
On separating the lips of the vulva, a fleshy body varying in 
length from i 2 to 16 ins., known as the clitoris, is observed. It is 
the homologue of the penis in the male. 
The internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and 
ovaries. 
The vagina is a canal lined by mucous membrane. It is about 
I 2 to 15 ins. long. 
At the end of the vagina is the entrance to the uterus or womb, 
which organ is peculiar in that the greater part of it is divided into 
two horns. Outwardly, the uterus is with difficulty distinguished 
from the vagina. 
