WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
instruments for tapping dropsical swellings and for making explora- 
tory punctures into swellings where deep-seated fluid or pus is 
suspected. No harm can result from, their use but on the contrary 
much useful information may be obtained. 
They are useful to evacuate fluid from swellings. In case of 
abscesses, when pus is found, free use of the knife in addition should 
be made. Where delicate structures are underlying, care must be 
taken that they are not pushed too far. 
Care of instru?nents. — All instruments after use must imme- 
diately be thoroughly cleansed, disinfected, oiled and locked up. 
Steel instruments and knives with metal handles should be boiled 
after use, then cleansed with carbolic (not corrosive sublimate) 
lotion, dried, oiled and put away. Before use they should again 
be^boiled and used at once or allowed to stand in a solution of 
carbolic acid or phenyle. These details may seem trifling and 
unnecessary, but it is careful attention to such, as disinfection of 
the hands, instruments, etc., that goes a long way towards bringing 
about satisfactory results in dealing with wounds whether surgical 
or accidental. 
Surgical Instrument makers : Messrs. C. H. Huish & Co., Red Lion Square, 
London, W.C. ; Messrs. Arnold 5c Co., West Smithfield, London; Messrs. 
Hauptner, N. VV. Luisen-Strasse, 53, Berlin. 
Weights and Measures. 
One grain, gr. 
One ounce, oz. 
One pound, lb. 
Weights. 
437 5 gr. 
16 ounces = 7,000 grs. 
Apothecaries^ measure of weight . 
One grain 
One scruple = 20 grains 
m 
m 
One drachm = 3 scruples = 60 grains 
One ounce = 8 drachms = 480 grains 
One pound = 12 ounces = 5,760 grains 
Measure of capacity. 
One minim 
One fluid drachm = 60 minims 
One fluid ounce = 8 fluid drachms 
One pint = 20 fluid ounces 
One quart = 2 pints 
One gallon = 4 quarts 
