MUSTH." 
be much lower. A better method is to fit it with a ring which is 
forcibly driven on to the task till it maintains a secure hold. 
Tusks that have been shortened often show a tendency to split. 
In the female and so-called tuskless males, the tusks are liable to 
be broken off or to become diseased. 
Should there be a cavity, it must be cleaned and washed out 
with permanganate of potash 2 or 3 grains to the pint and then 
dried after which it should be plugged with a single piece of tow or 
cotton wool, medicated with a few drops of carbolic acid, creosote, 
or oil of cloves. 
If it should happen that too much of the tusk has been cut off 
and the pulp exposed, the following treatment should be adopted : — 
The bleeding is not as a rule very excessive ; the injured part 
must be washed or syringed out with a warm solution of perman- 
ganate of potash 3 grains to the ounce, or carbolic lotion i to 
60, or thymol 10 grains to the pint of hot water, after which 
the part may be dressed with carbolic oil, iodoform ointment, cam- 
phorated oil, etc. (Part III, Formulas 121, 122, 128, 129), and 
then carefully bandaged. Hawkes employed an ointment which 
can be strongly recommended ; it is as follows : — 
Boil the gall-nuts in the oil and add the dikamali ; when this has 
melted strain through a cloth ; lastly add the wax and stir till cold. 
[Dikamali is the Madras term for the resin from the Gardenia 
lucida^ a most useful ingredient in ointments, as it is healing and at 
the same time repels flies.] Hawkes recommends that the oint- 
ment be rubbed over the end of the tusk and then covered over with 
a cotton rag ; over this a second piece of rag saturated in coal tar, 
or neem oil, i.e., margosa-oil [Azadirachta Indica, ooodoIsgos), may 
be bound. Dress every second day. 
Great care should be taken to see that flies are kept off, other- 
wise the wretched animal owing to the presence of maggots may 
have to endure fearful suffering. 
Congestion of the Temporal Glands or Musth." 
Male elephants and very rarely females, on attaining maturity, 
are subject to peculiar periodical paroxysms of excitement, which 
seem to have some connection with the sexual functions to which 
the name musth is applied by the natives of India and mon-kyathi 
Dikamali 
Bees-wax 
Gingili oil 
5 tolas, i.e., 2 ozs. approximate. 
5 tolas, i.e.y 2 ozs. approximate. 
6 tolas, i.e., 2| ozs. 
2 tolas, i.e., 7 drs. 
Gall-nuts (powdered) 
