A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS. 
A Burman who informs me he has seen two or three cases of 
this with elephants before says the disease slowly eats into the 
brain through the ear hole or the throat, when the animal dies, and 
there is no cure for it. 
As a matter of fact these cases after proper treatment usually do 
quite well. 
Treatment. — This variety of ulcer is extremely troublesome 
besides being extremely painful. The treatment consists in the 
relief of pain by the application of powdered opium \ to i dr. in hot 
water, 8 ozs. macerated for two hours and then decanted, or acetate 
of lead 8 grs., acetate of morphia 8 grs., water 4 ozs. Sir W. Burnett's 
fluid of a strength of i dr. to 16 ozs. of water, or nitric acid lotion 
may also be used, consisting of 2 \ drs. of dilute nitric acid to 8 ozs. 
of water. Sulphate of copper 16 grs. to water 8 ozs. may also be 
used mixed with equal parts of the abovementioned opium lotion. 
Sometimes the base of the edge of the ulcer is covered with a 
tough tenacious material, the surrounding tissues are swollen and 
painful, and the discharge is extremely offensive.* Such a variety is 
known as sloughing ulcer. 
Treatment. — The application of warm opium lotions made as 
already mentioned w^ill be found of benefit. Creosote ointment (oil 
of creosote 20 drops to lard i oz.), carbolic acid ointment (grs. x — xx 
to boracic ointment i oz.) may also be used. 
3. Ulcers which are stationary are recognised by the fact that 
their bases are depressed and sunken, they are devoid of granula- 
tions, and they may appear as smooth and glistening or covered with 
a thin tough rind ; their edges are smooth, rounded, glistening and 
inverted, and they discharge a thin watery fluid often very foul 
smelling. 
Treatme7it. — Thoroughly wash with antiseptics and apply resin 
ointment {see Formula 131), or nitrate of mercury ointment or 
Friar's balsam. Any of the lotions mentioned in Formulae 109 to 
113 may be used. 
In all cases of chronic ulcerations, where the base is depressed 
and the edges are callous and hard, scraping with a blunt knife until 
they bleed freely generally yields good results. Whatever may be 
the nature of the local treatment decided on, it is always desirable to 
supplement it by internal medication in the way of tonics, the best 
being arsenical preparations or iron combined with cinchona, nux 
vomica, etc., the bowels should be kept regular, and good clean 
nourishing food is also necessary if good results are to be expected. 
A special form of sore which is occasionally met with, as far as 
my experience goes, during the rainy season, is probably due to a 
specific organism. It is usually situated about the feet, but Messrs. 
