ULCERATION. 
Royle and Baker of Messrs. Steel Brothers in the Katha District came 
across similar sores about the body, especially in the region of the 
saddle. Animals in good condition are attacked as well as others ; 
the first thing observed is a swelling which may be about the size of 
a pigeon's egg, half to an inch in diameter, more or less circular 
in shape, hard to the touch and not painful, in fact it resembles a 
chafe. If disregarded, the centre softens and breaks down and a 
white fibrous-looking core sloughs out, leaving a raw healthy-looking 
ulcer with clean cut edges. 
Treatment. — If the swelling be observed early two or three 
paintings with double strength iodine liniment may disperse it. A 
hypodermic injection of a few drops of pure carbolic acid into the 
centre of the swelling is also of service. After the slough has come 
away, the surface of the wound should be well washed with 
disinfectants and cauterised if necessary with lunar caustic, copper 
sulphate, or swabbed out with Burnett's fluid \ dr, to 8 ozs. of water, 
after which it may be treated in the ordinary way. Internally 
calcium sulphide may be tried in 3-dr. doses. 
Again in cases of advanced debility, ulcers about the genitals are 
often observed only visible during micturition. Their treatment is 
obvious, i.e.^ tonics, rest, cleanliness, good nourishing food, and 
dressing with some mild ointment. 
Injuries and Ulcers on the Elbows. 
Causes. — Animals being frequently made to assume the recum- 
bent posture on hard ground for loading, swelling may result at the 
points of contact with the ground ; if neglected they may ulcerate 
causing troublesome sores. They are not frequently met with in 
Burma, as generally speaking most people use the kah or basket, 
and the animal is not as a rule required to assume the recumbent 
posture, the packages being handed up. Sanderson's pattern gear 
is supplied to Government officers. In an article in the Veterinary 
Journal" of November 1882, Nunn treats of these sores. 
Symptoms. — Local sw^ellings in the position of capped elbow in 
the horse ; the swellings are often very painful and tender. 
Treatment. — Avoid the cause abovementioned and do not keep 
an animal in the recumbent position longer than is absolutely neces- 
sary. The elephant should be loaded as quickly as possible, and 
this can be done if those around are made to work instead of talk 
and argue with the mahout. 
The animal should be tethered on soft ground so that he may lie 
down ; fomentations and afterwards painting with liniment of iodine 
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