NON-BLOOD-SUCKING FLIES. 
213 
will not bite at night, but along the Chobe river (where they swarm), 
and by moonlight, I can feelingly say that this is a mistake. They 
kept flying up from the ground on to my naked legs, and bit as 
furiously as in the day-time.'' 
Wild elephants and buffaloes usually protect themselves by 
wallowing in mud-holes, thus coating their bodies with mud. 
Cartmen when starting on the march often tie a smoky wood-oil 
torch to the front of the yoke while carrying another to protect 
themselves and the hind parts of their oxen. 
NON-BLOOD-SUCKING FLIES. 
Certain non-blood-sucking flies require notice owing to the fact 
that their larvae as maggots occur in wounds, others causing 
warbles " under the skin, or appearing as internal " bots " cause 
much trouble. 
Maggots. — The large sarcophagus {S. magnificat a) and the 
common carrion-fly [Musca cadaverina^ gco3o6^co8) are probably the 
most common ones which lay their eggs in wounds, ulcers, etc., the 
resulting maggots setting up intense pain and irritation and delaying 
healing. 
It is not proved that the blue flesh-fly [Calliphora vomitoria^ 
oDSooGQpSs) nor the carnivorous sarcophagus [Sarcophaga carnaria, 
oo6(^s) deposit their eggs and larvse in wounds. 
In a neglected wound the presence of maggots may be suspected 
by approaching the nose near the wound, when usually a foetid 
odour will be detected ; there is also generally a thin offensive 
discharge. 
When a small opening exists, the wound should be opened up 
and the maggots that can be seen removed gently by means of 
forceps. There are usually many more present which have burrowed 
and are lying in pockets, hence it is necessary to keep a close watch 
for two or three days. 
The application of certain drugs causes them to emerge from 
their hiding places ; such are carbolic lotion i to 40, powdered 
camphor alone, or dissolved in spirit or mixed with oil, oil of 
turpentine or eucalyptus oil mixed with sweet oil. In fact almost 
any essential oil diluted with sweet oil helps to effect their removal. 
Warbles (parasitic boils). — The family Qistridx are all dis- 
tinguished by the necessary parasitism of their larvae. According 
to the species they develop in suitable localities in different 
mammals. Sometimes it is the stomach which is chosen, and the 
larvae then known as internal " bots " are treated of under the 
