PNEUMONIA. 
Myrrh ... ... ... 3 drs. 
Assafoetida ... ... 3 drs. 
Aniseed ... ... ... i oz. 
Twice daily. 
Embrocation should be rubbed into the chest. 
Bamboo leaves are very often given to animals suffering from 
cough. 
Pneumonia. 
Inflammation of the lungs. — Elephants like other animals are 
subject to this disease but it is not often diagnosed. In the elephant 
the lungs are lightly lobulated ; there are only two large bronchial 
tubes ; the substance of the lung is plentiful. When healthy, on 
section they are soft under the knife. In elephants inflammation 
may exist and not excite suspicion owing to the lack of the more 
prominent symptoms seen in other animals, and death may result 
without much warning. 
Causes. — Chills from exposure to cold winds and wet ; over- 
exertion. 
Symptoms.— T^Tiv^^x^XMx^ generally high and lasting some few 
days ; there may be shivering at the beginning. The pulse is 
quickened, the breathing hurried and the chest is found to move 
little or not at all during respiration, but the belly moves unusually 
during the act. The animal rarely lies down, is very dull, dis- 
inclined to move about though there is marked restlessness and 
often prostration. Gilchrist states an animal ''frequently opens its 
mouth and coughs several times in an hour." Pneumonic cough is 
generally short and painful, and there is usually a slight yellowish 
discharge from the trunk ; yawning is a frequent symptom. The 
mucous membranes are highly reddened. The appetite is almost 
lost ; there may be considerable thirst. The bow^els are constipated 
and the surface temperature may vary. The disease reaches its 
height in a few days and death may take place from suffocation. 
If the animal survives, the lungs gradually recover their normal 
condition and function. Recovery may be quite complete within 
three weeks. In some cases, such as in old and feeble animals, the 
condition may become chronic. In these cases the animals with 
careful nursing recover, or death may occur in six or eight weeks. 
At times the inflammation is so severe that the diseased parts 
may mortify and death is the usual result. This untoward event 
