A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS. 
bile in the intestines ; the dung is light or day coloured, and the 
stench considerable. The animal is weak, very dull and comatose. 
Death may result in these cases. 
Treatment. — All grain should be withheld. Freshly-cut green 
grass, fruits, etc., given a little at a time and often. 
The bowels may be relieved with a dose of — 
Aloin ... ... ... I dr. 
Calomel ... ... ... i dr. 
Aniseed ... ... ... | oz. 
OR 
Aloes ... ... 6 drs. 
Calomel ... ... ... i dr. 
Artificial Carlsbad salts as given by Wallis Hoare may be tried — 
Sulphate of soda ... ... 5| ozs. 
Sulphate of potash ... ... 2 ozs. 
Common salt ... ... 25 ozs. 
Bicarbonate of soda ... ... 4| ozs. 
Divide into four powders ; give one once or twice a day dissolved in 
drinking water or in a ball followed by a drink. 
Epsom salts in 6-oz. doses twice a day till bowels are freely 
opened. 
Rupture of the Liver. 
This organ is liable to be ruptured when in a state of advanced 
disease after a severe fall or blow, colic, etc. Those dealing with 
elephants are aware of the terrific force with which they knock each 
other about when fighting. Though a haing has no tusks, his 
strength is often so great as to be able to knock a full-grown elephant 
off his legs if he catches him in the right place. Such violence 
tends to bring about the rupture of an organ, more especially so when 
in a state of disease. 
Symptoms — Appear quite suddenly and are those of internal 
haemorrhage as described under Rupture of the Spleen.'' 
Diseases of the Spleen 
Cannot be diagnosed during life. Changes which occur in 
the spleen are usually due to secondary processes in the course 
of some of the infectious fevers, septicaemia, pyaemia, but espe- 
cially in anthrax, in which disease it may be found enormously 
enlarged. 
The symptoms of disease of the spleen are too obscure to be noted. 
