HEMATURIA. 
passed well into the rectum, the bladder may be felt distended (the 
bladder is situated immediately below the rectum). 
Treatment : Local. — Frequent hot fomentations to the loins. 
Empty the rectum with the hand and throw up soap and warm water 
enemas, to which chloral hydrate (half an ounce) may be added. 
Insert the arm and apply gentle pressure to the bladder if that 
organ is distended. 
General. — A brisk purgative, and afterwards linseed or rice 
gruel ad lib. 
Blood in the urine may arise from three sources, namely : (^) the 
urethra, [h) the bladder, [c) the kidneys. 
If the passage of urine be preceded by the passage of a clot, or 
if blood be passed involuntarily and independently of the act of 
staling, it is certain that the source of blood is from the urethra 
or passage. When the blood is not well mixed with the urine and 
clots are passed towards the close of the act of staling, w^e may 
assume that the blood is from the bladder. 
If the blood be from the kidneys it is intimately mixed with the 
urine, giving it a reddish smoky tint. 
It is not an easy matter by ordinary inspection to determine 
whether blood is from the bladder or kidneys. 
Causes. — The common cause of discharge of blood from the 
urethra is an injury. Blood from the bladder may arise from acute 
inflammation, stone, ulceration, tumours, etc. In the case of the 
kidneys, blood may arise as the result of injury, acute inflammation 
of the organs, stone, parasites, growths. Blood may also follow on 
the excessive or indiscriminate use of drugs, notably cantharides or 
turpentine, or after feeding on certain acrid plants. 
Treatvient. — This depends of necessity on its cause, it being 
a symptom of several diseases. The bowels must be kept regular ; 
the patient allowed complete rest ; the diet should be nutritious and 
moderate in amount. In order to control the bleeding, if very exces- 
sive, good results may be expected by the exhibition of such drugs 
as gallic acid, acetate of lead, alum and some preparations of iron. 
H/EMATURIA OR BLOODY UrINE. 
Acetate of lead ... 
Gall nuts (powdered) 
Jaggery 
1 dr. 
2 drs. 
Sufficiency. 
Twice or thrice daily. 
