CHAPTER XII L 
diseases affecting the brain and nervous system. 
Inflammation of the Lining Membrane of the Cavities in 
THE Bones of the Skull. 
Causes. — Prolonged exposure to the sun, injuries to the forehead 
and bullet wounds. Steel remarks that it may be due to the 
extension of inflammation in consequence of the intimate vascular 
connection through the bones between the skin on the forehead and 
this lining membrane. Gilchrist gives as causes the exhibition of 
stimulating jnussauls to elephants who work much in the sun, and 
to sudden cooling of the body by taking a heated animal into 
water. 
Symptoms. — These are not very evident, but the history of the 
case will assist. The skin on the forehead may become sore and 
ulcerated and later the bone may become diseased ; there may be 
considerable excitement and delirium. 
Treatmejit. — Keep in a cool quiet place. Fetter carefully, give 
a dose of physic. If the head be injured, fomentations may be 
applied ; the wounds should be kept clean and dressed regularly ; 
should matter form, it must be given exit. In the cases resulting 
from exposure to the sun, cold cloths frequently applied may afford 
much relief. Cooling medicines, such as tamarind pulp, epsom salts, 
may be given with advantage. Green food should be given in 
moderate quantities. 
Congestion of the Brain and its Membranes. 
The brain and the membranes covering it are intimately con- 
nected, and it is a difficult matter to distinguish between congestion 
of either separately ; hence it is best to consider them together. 
Causes. — The more common causes of congestion are prolonged 
work, fatigue and exposure in the sun, extension of inflammation 
from the membranes lining the air cavities in the bones of the head, 
acute indigestion the result of high feeding, insufficient exercise, 
and frequent use of stimulating mussauls. 
Symptoms. — Fever with its attendant signs noted under that 
condition. The animal appears stupid and sleepy or giddy, and may 
