300 
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS. 
Arrangements can be made for each tube to contain sufficient 
vaccine for one elephant. The price of a dose of first and second 
vaccine is, I believe, ^d. to 6d. 
With reference to vaccination in sheep and cattle, Koch has 
noted the following points : — 
(a) That if the vaccines are too strong, they may cause fatal 
charbon (Anthrax). 
{d) If they are too feeble, they do not protect. 
(c) That they do not confer immunity v^^ithout rendering the 
animal seriously ill, and that they are consequently 
dangerous. 
(d) That vaccination may serve to disseminate by rendering 
animals severely ill from that disease, during which 
illness they are capable of infecting others. 
(e) That the immunity conferred is insufficient to preserve 
with certainty from natural infection. 
(/) That the immunity conferred is of too short duration. 
Protective vaccination against anthrax amongst elephants was 
tried in Burma during the early eighties. Unfortunately the records 
regarding the experiments are very meagre ; from those available 
I find that my predecessor, at the request of the Conservator of 
Forests, Pegu Circle, inoculated two Government elephants (one 
full grown and one young animal) on the 7th September 1883, also 
two cow calves, one buffalo calf, two sheep, one pony and a pig, 
with Pasteur's first vaccine. The temperature of these animals, 
with one exception, a sheep, was slightly affected, the sheep showing 
arise died on seventh day after inoculation from anthrax. On 
the 23rd the second vaccine was injected. None of the animals 
showed a rise in temperature over one degree. One elephant had a 
swelling at seat of inoculation, the elephants were removed to jungle 
on tenth day after inoculation. The Conservator of Forests would 
not agree to the proposal to test the efficacy of the inoculation 
by inoculating with virulent anthrax virus, owing to the great value 
of the animals. The pony, sheep and pig were inoculated and no 
ill-effects followed ; two unprotected rabbits inoculated with same 
material died of anthrax within 36 hours. On the 2nd May twelve 
elephants, the property of contractors, were inoculated at Zigon 
with first vaccine. 
On the I 5th only nine elephants were brought forward : they each 
received an injection of second vaccine. One elephant had a 
swelling at seat of previous inoculation. I regret I cannot trace 
the further history of these animals. 
I believe that the Bombay Burma Trading Corporation 
inoculated many elephants about the same time, and from what I 
