£86 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Oct. 8. 1898. 
and wwh a while belly. Its horns are short, small, and 
somewhat flat; its tail nearly eighteen inches long. They 
are said to be plenty on these plains.' The plains of the 
Kansas River. 
"Note. — This concise description is sufficiently ac- 
curate to enable us to ascertain that it belongs to a new 
species of deer unknown east of the Mississippi, to which 
T shall give the name of Corvus [sic] macrourus, which 
means long-tailed deer; it may be characterized as fol- 
lows: Horns somewhat depressed, shorter than the 
the head, body brownish above, white below, tail elon- 
gated."— C. S. R. 
Specimens are desired from Kansas River, Manitoba, 
the Upper Missouri, etc. 
£». Wlliteta.il of the Pacific coast region. 
Odocoileus leucurus (Douglas). 
Cervus leucurus Doug. Zool. Journ. IV., p. 330, 
Oct., 1828-Jan., 1829. Lower Columbia River, 
Oregon. 
(J. Florida Deer. 
Odocoileus virginianus osceola (Bangs). 
Cariacus osceola Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash- 
ington, X., p. 26, Feb. 25, 1890. Citronelle, 
Citrus Co., Fk. 
A small dark form of Whitetail. 
7. Arizona "Whitetail. 
Odocoileus couesi (Allen, ex Rothrock MSS.). 
Cariarus virginianus, var. • Cones and Yar- 
row, "Wheeler Surv. Zool. V., p. 72, 1875. 
Dorcelaphus couesi Allen, Pull. Am. Mus. Nat. 
Hist., N. Y., VII., p. 200, June 29, 1895. Camp 
Crittenden, Ariz. 
A very small pale fornivof Whitetail from the arid 
Southwest. 
8. Fan-tailed Deer of Texas. 
Odocoileus texanus (Mearns). 
Dorrelaphus texanus Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. 
Washington, XII., p. 23, Jan. 27, 1898. Fort 
Clark, Kinney Co., Tex. 
This small, graceful species may prove the same as 
the Gazelle Deer of more northern hunters. 
Mule Deer Group. 
Large Deer, with short tails ending in a black tuft; 
the gland on the outside of -the , hindleg or metatarsus 
about Sin. long; ears large. 
Fir,. 2. MULE DEER, 
Upper and lower surfaces of tail and metatarsal gland on left hindfoot. 
9. Mule Deer. Missouri Blaektail. Manitoba 
Jumping Deer. 
Odocoileus hemionus (Kafmesque). ' 
Cervus hemionus Raf. Am. Monthly Mag., I., 
No. 6, p. 436, 181 7. Sioux River, South Dakota. 
Specimens are needed from Sioux River, Manitoba, 
etc. 
11. 
California Mule Deer. 
Odocoileus hemionus californicus (Caton). 
Cervus macrotis, var. californicus Caton, Am. 
Naturalist, X., p. 4C4, Aug., 1876. Gaviota 
Pass, Santa Barbara County, California. 
Burro Deer. Desert Mule Deer. 
Odocoileus hemionus eremicus (Mearns). 
Dorrephalus hemionus eremicus Mearns, Proc. 
U, S. iNat. Museum, XX., No. n 29, p. 470, 
1697. sierra Seri, near Gulf of California, 
Souora, Mexico. 
This is the very pale form of Mule Deer from the arid 
Southwestern region. 
12. Gei'rOS Mule Deer. 
Odocoileus cerrosensis Merriam. 
Odocoileus cerrosensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. 
Soc. Washington, XII., p. 101, April 30, 1898. 
Cerros Island, Mexico. 
A small form of Mule Deer from Cerros Island, off 
the coast of Lower California. 
Blacktah. Group", 
Medium-sized Deer, with short tails that are wholly- 
dark above and wholly light beneath; the gland on the 
outside of the hindleg or metatarsus about 2in. long; 
ears large. 
KIO. 3. COLUMBIAN BLACKTA1L PEER. 
Upper and lower surfaces of tail and metatarsal gland on left hindfoot. 
13, Columbia Blaektail. True B aektail. 
Odocoileus columbianus (Richardson). 
Cervus macro/is, var. B. columbiana Richardson, 
Fauna Boreali-Ameikana, L, p. 257, 1829. 
Mouth of Columbia River. 
Odocoileus columbianus Merriam, Proc. Biol. 
Soc. Washington, X1L, p. 100, April 30, 1898. 
14. Sitka Blaektail. 
Odocoileus columbianus sitkensis Merriam. 
Odocoileus columbianus silkensis Merriam, Proc. 
Biol. Soc Washington, XII., p. 100, April 30, 
1S9S. Sitka, Alaska. 
A small form from Sitka Island; it shows the basal 
half of the tail above brown instead of black. 
15. Califoniiaii Blaektail. 
Odocoileus columbianus scaphiotus Merriam. 
Odocoileus columbianus sraphiolus Merriam, 
Proe, Biol. Soc. Washington, p. 101, April 30, 
1898. Laguna Ranch, Cabilan Range, Cali- 
fornia. 
A large-eared, pale-colored form of columbianus from 
the mountains of California. 
16. 
17. 
Crook's Blaektail. 
Odocoileus crooki (Mearns). 
Dorrelaphus rrooki Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Museum, XX., No. 1129, p. 468, 1897. Dog 
Mts., Grant Co., New Mexico. 
Moose. 
Alces americanus Jardine. 
Aires ameriramts Jardine, Nat. Library, III., 
p. 125, 1835. French Canada (?) 
The giant Moose of Alaska is probably distinct. Spe- 
cimens are needed to determine its rank. Idaho speci- 
mens also are of interest. 
18. Woodland Caribou. 
Rangifer caribou (Gmelin). 
Cervus larandus, var. caribou Gmelin, Syst. 
Nat., I., p. 177, 1788. 
Ravgifer raribou Aud. and Bach. N. Am. 
Quad., III., p. in, 1853, pi. exxvi. 
Supposed to be the large Caribou from the southern 
part of the Hudson Bay watershed. Specimens from 
Idaho and Maine are very desirable. 
11). Barren Ground Caribou. 
Rangifer arcticus (Richardson). 
Cervus larandus, var. arrtira Richardson, Fauna 
Boreali-Americana, I., p. 241, 1829. Barren 
Grounds of North America. 
Rangifer arrtirus Allen, Bull. Am. Museum, 
VIII., 234, T896. 
This is the small Caribou, found only in the Barren 
Grounds. 
20. Greenland Caribou or Reindeer. 
Rangifer grcenlandicus (Gmelin). 
Cervus tarandus, var. gra-nlandirus Gmelin 
Syst. Nat , L, p. 177, 1788. 
Rangifer gra-ulandirus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus., 
VIIL, 234, 1896. < 
21. Newfoundland Caribou. 
Rangifer terraenovae Bangs. 
Rangifer terrmnovce Bangs. Preliminary De- 
scription of the Newfoundland Caribou, 2 pp., 
Nov. 11, 1896. Newfoundland. 
The largest of the Caribou. 
22. Antelope or Common Pronghorn. 
Antilocapra americana (Ord). 
An I Hope americanus Ord, Guthrie's Geography, 
2d Am. ed., II., pp. 292, 308, 1815. Plains of 
the Missouri. 
Antilocapra amoicana Ord, Bull. Soc. Philom. 
1818, p. 146. 
Specimens from Saskatchewan River and from Mexico 
are of especial interest, 
2.'J. Wbite Goat or Mountain Goat. 
Oreamnos montanus (Ord). 
Ovis montana Ord, Guthrie's Geography, 2d 
Am. ed., II., pp. 292, 309, 1815. Rocky Mts., 
Montana or Idaho. 
Oreamnos montanus Merriam, Science U. S. 
I., p. 19, Jan. 4, 1895. 
Specimens from its southern range on the West 
Coast and from Alaska are desirable. 
24-. Mountain Sheep or Bighorn of the Rockies. 
Ovis cervina Desmarest. 
Ovis cervina Desmarest, Nouv. Diet, d'llist. Nat., 
XXIV., p. 5, 1804. Interior of Canada. 
Specimens from the Bad Lands and from the Pacific 
Coast are desirable. 
25. Dall's Sheep. The White Sheep of Alaska. 
Ovis dalli (Nelson). 
Ovis montana dalli Nelson, Proc U. S. Nat. 
Museum, VII., p. 13, 1884. Old Fort Re- 
liance, Yukon River. 
Ovis dalli Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 
New York, IX., p. 112, April 8, 1897. 
The white form of the extreme north. 
2<>. Nelson's Sheep. Calif rnia Bighorn. 
Ovis nelsoni Merriam. 
Ovis nelsoni Meniam, Proc. .Biol. Soc. Wash- 
ington, XL, p. 218, July, 1897. Grapevine 
Mts., boundary between California and Nevada. 
A pale Southern species. 
27. Stone's Sheep. 
Ovis stonei Allen. 
<■ Ovis stonei Allen, Bull. Am. Mus Nat. Hist., 
New York, IX., pp. 111-114, pi. ii.,iii , fig. 1, 
April 8, 1S97. Headwaters Stickeen River, 
British Columbia. 
A small species with slender horns and very dark 
colors. 
28. Muskox. 
Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann). 
Bos mosclialiis Zimmermann, Geog. Geschiehte 
Menschen H. d. vierftlss. Thiere, II., pp. 86-88, 
1780. Region between Seal and Churchill 
Rivers, Hudson Bay. 
29. American Buffalo. 
. Bison bison (Linnaeus). 
^ Bos bison Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I., p. 72, 
1758. North America. 
Bison bison Jordan. Man. Vert., 5th ed., p. 
337. 1888. 
30. Wood Buffalo. 
Bison bison athabascae Rhoads. 
Bison bison athabasccB Rhoads, Proc. Acad 
Nat. Sci. Phila., pi. III., pp. 498-500, Jan. i8 - 
1S98. Near Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake' 
On Preserving Specimens of Deer, etc. 
First measure the animal. All measurements should j 
be in a straight line. Calipers and a metric rule are best, 
but a 2ft. rule and a tape line are more likely to be at J 
hand and can be made to answer. 
Fill in the following schedule: 
Name of animal 
Sex 
Age 
Condition 
Where killed 
Date (ffrlg&t ; . I - 
Who measured it 
Weight (on reliable scales, or not at all). 
State whether live or dressed weight, the 
former preferred 
1. Length. — Lay the animal flat, stick in a straight, 
sharp peg, at right angles to the ground, at the point of 
the nose, A. Then pull the nose, the back and the tail 
out, as nearly as possible in a straight line, and put 
another peg where the bone of the tail ends, B. Meas- 
ure in a straight line between these points. This is the 
length of the animal. AB, Fig. 4. 
2. Tail. — Turn the tail straight, at right angles to 
the back, along a rule or stick held firmly down on the 
upper side, and mark where the bone ends. Note that 
as "length of tail," CD. 
3. Hind Foot. — Measured in a straight line from the 
top of the hock, or heel, E, to the point of the longest 
hoof, F. This is the length of the hind foot. 
4. Length of the Head. — This is best measured with 
calipers, but it can be done with the pegs. Peg A is 
still in place. Put another, G, at the back point of the j 
skull; that is, on a line with the back of the ears. This 
point is called the hind-head point or occipital tuberosity. 
5. Height at Shoulders. — Put in a peg, H, tight 
against the withers. Put the foreleg at right angles to 
the axis of the body and push it up toward the spine, so 
/! 
as to get it as nearly as possible in the ordinary position 
of standing in life. Put a peg, I, at the heel — i. e., thei 
ground line. The distance between the pegs is thei 
height. 
6. Length from Shoulder Head to Thigh Head- 
Measure as nearly as possible from the middle of thei 
head of the shoulder bone, J, to the middle -of the head 
of the thigh bone, K, where it joins to the hip bone. 
Make sure, by working it, that you get the thigh bone. 
7. Length of Ear from Base in Front to Tip.— The 
ear being at right angles to the side of the head. LM. 
Horns need not be measured if forwarded. If meas- 
ured, take length of each beam, following the curves, 
girth at base, greatest horizontal expanse of the pair, 
number of points and weight. But these items are of less 
importance than is generally supposed. 
Skinning. — After measuring and labeling, the animal 
should be skinned, and the sooner this is done after 
killing the better. 
Lay it on its back and split the skin from the base 
of the tail round one side of the anus, and thence fol- 
lowing the middle line of the belly to the point of the; 
breastbone. 
Then split each leg open on the back side, following' 
the middle of the hair ridge from the secondary hoofs 
to the split along the body. Let the split on each leg 
meet that on the opposite leg if possible. 
Skin each leg. but leave the bones attached by the 1 
foot. Cut off the forelegs at the elbow (N, Fig.. 4) and| 
the hindlegs at the knee (O. Fig. 4). 
Split open the neck along the nape from the shoulder 
to the back of the skull. If the animal has horns, the 
split must now fork, sending a branch to eadh horn. 
Skin the tail out around the base until it may be pulled 
out the rest of its length. 
Skin the body. Turn the skin over the head to com- 
plete the skinning of the head and neck through tht 
split along the nape. 
Cut the ears off close to the skull and skin out the lips 
fully, wholly detaching the skull from the body by dis- 
jointing it at the top neck joint. 
Skin the ears out behind for at least one-third of theii 
length. 
Remove all fat and meat from the skin and the leg 
bones; rub all w r ith salt or salt and alum. Put a stick 
in the tail long enough and big enough to keep it in its- 
natural size and shape. 
Then hang the skin in a shady place in the wind to 
dry. 
Remove the bulk of the meat from the skull, taking 
great care to break no bones. Take the brains out by 
the spine hole. Put a number on it to correspond with 
•that on the skin and bang it up to dry in a shady place 
Bo not stretch the skin to dry it^and do not split 
the throat. 
The Forest and Stream is put to press each week on Tuesday, 
Correspondence intended for publication should reach u-s at thi, 
latest by Monday, and as much earlier as practicable. 
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