( 34 ) 
Passeres* 
3. CoNIROSTRES. 
Beak strong, more or 
less conical, without 
notch. Fig. 78, p. 42. 
4. Tenuihostres. 
Beak slim, elongated, 
more or less arched, 
without notch. Fig. 91, 
p. 48. 
FAMILY I. DENTIROSTRES. 
GENERA AND SUB-GENERA. 
1 . Lanius, Lin. 
Beaks conical or com- 
pressed, more or less 
crook'd at the end. 
a. L. Proper. Shrikes. 
Beak triangular at 
base, compressed at the 
sides. 
« Beak Tvith the superior edge arc/ierf. (1) 
^ .. .. .. fitraight, crook'd only at the end. Fig. 49. 
y .. ,. .. lower mandible much swelled. Fig. 50. 
^ (Vanga, Buff.) Beak l^rge, much compressed, point much crook'd, and 
that of the inferior mandible curved upwards. 
Fig. 51. 
(Plumatje.) 
OcYPTERUS, Ciw. Lan- 
GRAVEN. 
Beak conical, round- 
ed, without edge, point 
very fine, slightly notch- 
ed on each side. Fig. 
164, bis. 
straight and slim, with crests of straight feathers. 
Fig. 52. 
Wings, as long and 
longer than the tail, af- 
fording the same flight as 
the Swallows. 
(1) Those in which the point is strong and much crook'd, possess a courage and 
cruelty which has induced many Naturalists to associate them with the Accipitres 
or Birds of Prey (See p. 14 ). The beaks of the Land of the other parts of the 
world diminish in size and become gradually weaker in their points, according to 
the species, so that it is impossible to establish a limit between this Sub-Genus and 
that of Tardus : amongst those with the stronger beak is the Fiscal, Fig. 47 ; 
amongst those approaching the Turdi, the Oliva. Fig. 48. 
