( 12 ) 
Amongst the true Land Birds, the Gallinaceae have, like our 
domestic cock, a heavy appearance ; short flight; a middle-sized 
beak, the upper mandible vaulted; the nostrils, partly covered 
with a soft swelled scale; and, almost always, the toes dentated 
at the edges, and short membranes between those in front. They 
live principally on grains. 
Birds of Prey have the beak crook'd, w ith a sharp point, and 
curved towards the base, which is entirely caveredby a membrane 
wherein the nostrils are pierced ; their feet are armed with strong 
nails. They live on flesh, and pursue other Birds : most of them, 
therefore, have a powerful flight. The greater number have a 
small web between the external toes. 
The Passeres comprehend many more species than all the other 
Families, but their organisation oiFers so much analogy that we 
cannot separate them, though they difier very much in size and 
strength. Their two external toes are united at their bases, and 
sometimes in a part of their length. 
Lastly, we have given the name of C Umbers to the Birds whose 
external toe is turned behind like the great toe, because the 
greater number employ a construction so favourable to the vertical 
position, in climbing the trunks of trees. 
Each of these orders is subdivided into Families and Genera, 
principally according to the formation of the beak. 
SECOND CLASS OF YERTEBRATED ANIMALS. 
ORDERS. 
1. AcciriTREs, Lin. 
Beak crook'd. Fig. 18. Talons crook'd; 3 
Nostrils inserted in a toes before, 1 behind. 
Cera. Fig. 18. A short membrane, 
generally^between the 
two external toes. Fig. 
19. 
2. Passekes. 
All such as cannot be 
classed in the other five 
orders. 
