THE ISLAND OF JAVA. 173 
branches, in such manner as to insulate a quadrangular space 
of ground ; and just within these new channels, which served 
as a wet ditch, to erect a wall of the height of about twenty 
feet, chiefly of coral rock. This Avail they flanked with 
twenty redoubts or irregular projections, some of them mount- 
ing three guns, some two, and others none. Four great 
gates, with as many draw-bridges, communicated with the 
four suburbs. The citadel or the castle stands on the north 
side, or that next to the bay, without the walls of the cit}^, 
being surrounded with its own wall from twenty-five to thirty 
feet high ; and its four bastions, to denote the wealth and 
magnificence of the settlement, bear the splendid names of 
the Diamond, the Pearl, the Sapphire, and the Ruby : their 
materials, however, like those of the city wall, are chiefly 
composed of calcareous coral rock. The government house, 
a neat chapel, and nearly all the public ofiices, are within the 
enclosure of the castle. The different canals that surround 
and intersect the town, uniting just lielow the citadel, form a 
wide navigable river that flows in a gentle current into the 
bay. Across this river is thrown a wooden boom, a little be- 
low the castle, and opposite to the custom-house ; and at a 
short distance farther down, on the west side, is the Loo fort, 
mounting seven or eight guns, all pointing down the river. 
On the opposite or eastern side there is also a battery as well 
as an extensive line, flanked with several redoubts, intended to 
cover the various magazines and stores, the gunpowder mills, 
saw-mills, timber-yard, foundery for casting cannon, with all 
the work-shops of the different artificers belonging to this once 
splendid estabUshment. 
