SOUTHERN AFRICA. 395 
But the Boosliuanas are arriv^ed. at that stage of civihzation 
which is not satisfied with the mere necessaries of hfe suppUed 
to them abundantly from the three sources of agriculture, 
grazing, and hunting; they are by no means insensible of 
its conveniencies and its luxuries. Their skin cloaks for the 
winter are pliant, soft and warm, being frequently lined 
with the fur-skins of tyger-cats, viverras and other small 
animals ; and when in summer they go without clothing, they 
rarely expose their bodies to the rays of the sun, but carry 
umbrellas made of the broad feathers of the ostrich fixed to 
the end of a stick. They vary their mode of dressing both 
animal food and grain, occasionally boihng, broiling, or 
roasting the former^ and simply broiling the latter, or bruising 
it into flour and boiling it up with milk. Among the luxuries 
of the appetite tobacco seems to hold the highest estimation. 
Both men and women -are passionately fond of draw- 
ing the smoke of this narcotic herb through water, poured 
usually into the horn of the cow or the eland, through the 
side of which the tube of the tobacco-pipe is inserted. Of 
snuff they are equally fond. This article is composed of a 
variety of stimulant plants dried and rubbed into dust, which 
is usually mixed with wood ashes ; of this mixture they 
take a quantity in the palm of the hand, and draw it into 
the nostrils through a quill or re6d till the tears trickle down 
their cheeks. Children even of four or five years of age may 
be observed taking snuff in this manner. Their bodies they care- 
fully ornament with devices painted with white pipe-clay and 
red ochre ; their hair they sometimes cut in a peculiar manner, 
leaving a high tuft on the crown of the head, not unlike the 
3 E 2 
