54 
ORGANOGRAPHY. 
BOOK I. 
place in so remarkable a degree as to give their steins a pecu- 
liar character ; as, for instance, in the Bamboo, in which it 
causes diaphragms that continue to grow and harden, notwith- 
standing the powerfully rapid horizontal distension to which 
the stems of that plant are subject. In all cases, without 
exception, a leaf-bud or buds is formed at a node immediately 
above the base of the leaf ; generally such a bud is either 
sufficiently apparent to be readily recognised by the naked 
eye, or, at least, it becomes apparent at some time or other : 
but in certain plants, as Heaths, the buds are often never 
discoverable ; nevertheless, they always exist, in however ru- 
dimentary a state, as is proved by their occasional develope- 
ment under favourable or uncommon circumstances. By some 
writers nodes, upon which buds are obviously formed, are 
called compound^ or artiphyllous ; and those in which no ap- 
parent buds are discoverable, are named simple, ov pleiophyllous : 
they are also said to be divided, when they do not surround the 
stem, as in the apple and other alteniate-leaved genera ; or 
entire, when they do surround it, as in grasses and umbelliferous 
plants : they are further said to be pervious, when the pith 
passes through them without interruption; or dosed, when the 
canal of the pith is interrupted, as if by a partition. Per- 
vious and divided, and closed and entire nodes, usually ac- 
company each other. For other remarks upon this subject, 
see Link's Elementa. 
All the divisions of a stem are in general terms called 
branches (rami) ; but it is occasionally found convenient to 
designate particular kinds of branches by special names. 
Thus, the twigs, or youngest shoots, are called ramuli, or 
branchlets [hrindilles or ramilles, Fr.), and by the older bo- 
tanists Jlagella ; the assemblage of branches which forms the 
head of a forest tree is called the coma : cyma is sometimes 
used to express the same thing, but improperly. Shoots 
which have not completed their growth have received the 
name of innovations, a term usually applied in mosses. When 
such a shoot is covered with scales upon its first appearance, 
as the Asparagus, it is called turio : by the old botanists all 
such shoots were named asparagi. Wlien a shoot is long and 
flexible, it receives the name of vimen. This word, however. 
