64 
ORGANOGRAPHY. 
BOOK I. 
a creeping root It is one of those provisions of nature by 
which the barren sands that bound the sea are confined 
within their Hmits ; most of the plants which cover such soils 
being provided with subterranean stems of this kind. It is 
also extremely tenacious of life, the buds at every node being 
capable of renewing the existence of the individual, hence 
the almost indestructible properties of the Couch grass, Triti- 
cum repens, by the ordinary operations of husbandry; divi- 
sions of its creeping stem, by cutting and tearing, producing 
no other effect than that of calling new individuals into exist- 
ence as fast as others are destroyed. The term soboles is 
applied by Link and De Candolle to the sucker of trees and 
shrubs. (See Sur cuius.) 
Of the AERIAL stem, the most remarkable forms are the 
following : — 
26 27 
28 29 30 
The term stem (cauUs) is generally applied to the ascending 
caudex of herbaceous plants or shrubs, and not to trees, in 
which the word trunk is employed to indicate their main stem ; 
sometimes, however, this is called caulis arhoreus. From the 
caulis, Linnaeus, following the older botanists, distinguished 
the culmus or straw (Chaume, Fr.), which is the stem of 
Grasses ; and De Candolle has further adopted the name Ca- 
lamus (Chalumeau, Fr.) for all fistulous simple stems without 
articulations, as those of Rushes ; but neither of these differ in 
any material degree from common stems, and the employment 
