CHAP. II. 
OVARY. 
165 
these hairs are collected in a whorl below the stigma ; in 
Goodenoviae they are united into a cup, in which the stigma is 
enclosed, and which is called the indusiiim (Plate V. fig. 13. Z)). 
Many styles which appear to be perfectly simple, as for 
instance those of the Primrose, the Lamium, the Lily, or the 
Borage, are in reality composed of several grown together ; as 
is indicated by the lobes of their stigma, or by the number 
of cells or divisions of their ovary. In Malva an example 
may be seen of a partial union only of the styles, which are 
distinct upwards, but united below. In speaking of styles in 
this latter state, botanists are apt to describe them as divided 
in different ways, which is manifestly an inaccurate mode of 
expression. 
The stigma is the upper extremity of the style, without a 
cuticle ; in consequence of which it has, almost uniformly, 
either a humid or papillose surface. In the first case it is so 
in consequence of the fluids of the style being allowed to flow 
up through the intercellular passages of the tissue, there 
being no cuticle to repress and conceal them; in the latter 
case the papillae are really the rounded sides of vesicles of 
cellular tissue. When perfectly simple, it is usually notched 
on one side, the notch corresponding with the side from which 
the placenta arises : see the stigma of Rosa, Prunus, Pyrus, 
and others. If it belongs to a single carpel (p. 143.), it is 
either undivided, or its divisions, if any, are all placed side 
by side, as in some Euphorbiaceae, Crocus, &c. ; but if it is 
formed by the union of the stigmas of several carpels, its 
lobes are either opposite each other, as in Mimulus, or placed 
in a whorl, as in Geranium. Such being the case, it is always 
to be understood that an apparently simple ovary, to which 
two or more opposite stigmas belong, is really of a compound 
nature, some of its parts being abortive, as in Compositae. 
Nothing is, properly speaking, stigma, except the secreting 
surface of the style ; it very often, however, happens, that the 
term is carelessly applied to certain portions of the style. 
For example, in the genus Iris, the three petaloid lobed styles 
in the centre are called stigmata; while the stigma is in 
reality confined to a narrow humid space at the back of each 
style : in Labiatae, Bejitham has shown that what is called a 
M 3 
