196 
ORGANOGRAPHY. 
BOOK I. 
The Arrangement of Desvaux. 
Class 1. Pericarpivmi dry. 
Ord. 1. Simple fruits. 
§ Indehiscent. 
§ § Dehiscent. 
Ord. 2. Dry compound fruits. 
Class 2. Pericarpium fleshy. 
Ord. 1. Simple fruits. 
Ord. 2. Compound fruits. 
In explanation of the principles upon which the classifica- 
tion of fruit which I now venture to propose is founded, it 
will of course be expected that I should offer some observ- 
ations. In the first place, I have made it depend primarily 
upon the structure of the ovary, by which the fruit is of neces- 
sity influenced in a greater degree than by any thing else, the 
fruit itself being only the ovary matured. In using the terms 
simple and compound, I have employed them precisely in the 
sense that has been attributed to them in my remarks upon 
the ovary ; being of opinion that, in an arrangement like the 
following and those which have preceded it, in which theoreti- 
cal rather than practical purposes are to be served, the princi- 
ples on which it depends should be conformable to the strictest 
theoretical rules of structure. A consideration of the fruit 
without reference to the ovary necessarily induces a degree of 
uncertainty as to the real nature of the fruit ; the abortion and 
obliteration, to which almost every part of it is more or less 
subject, often disguising it to such a degree that the most 
acute carpologist would be unable to determine its true struc- 
ture from an examination of it in a ripe state only. In simple 
fruits are stationed those forms in w^hich the ovaries are multi- 
plied so as to resemble a compound fruit in every respect 
except their cohesion, they remaining simple. But, as the 
passage which is thus formed from simple to compound fruits 
is deviated from materially when the ovaries are placed in 
more than a single series, I have found it advisable to consti- 
tute a particular class of such under the name of aggregate 
fruit. Care must be taken not to confound these with the 
