CHAP. II. 
CARPOLOGY. 
199 
One-seeded, one-celled, superior, indeliiscent, liard, dry, with the integu- 
ments of the seed distinct from it. 
Linnaeus includes this among his seeds, defining it " semen tectum epider- 
mide ossea." I have somewhere seen it named Spennidiuna; a good term if 
it were wanted. M. Desvaux calls the nut of Anacardiuni a Xylodium. 
JExamples. — Lithospermum, Borago. 
III. Brvpa. —Drupe, —Jig. 164. 
One-celled, one or two-seeded, superior, indehiscent, the outer coat (nau- 
cum) soft and fleshy, and separable from the inner or endocarpiuni (the stone), 
which is hard and bony ; proceeding from an ovarium which is perfectly 
simple. This is the strict definition of the term drupa, which cannot strictly 
be applied to any compound fruit, as that of Cocos, certain Verbenaceee, and 
others, as it often is. Fruits of the last description are generally carcerules 
with a drupaceous coat. The stone of this fruit is the Nux of Richard, but not 
of others. 
Examples. — Peach, Plum, Apricot. 
IV. FoLLicuLus. — Follicle (Hemigyrus, Desvaux ; Plopocarpium, Desv.), 
fg- 141. 
One-celled, one or many-seeded, one-valved, superior, dehiscent by a 
suture along its face, and bearing its seeds at the base, or on each margin of 
the suture. This differs from the legumen in nothing but its having one 
valve instead of two. The Hemigyrus of Desvaux is the fruit of Proteaceae, 
and differs from the follicle in nothing of importance. When several follicles 
are in a smgle flower, as in Nigella and Delphinium, they constitute a form of 
fruit called Plopocarpium by Desvaux, and admitted into his Etserio by 
Mirbel. 
Examples. — Pieonia, Banksia, Nigella. 
V. Legumen. — Pod (Legumen, Linn. ; Gousse, Fr.),Jig. 137, 138. 
One-celled, one or many-seeded, two-valved, superior, dehiscent by a suture 
along both its face and its back, and bearing its seeds on each margin of the 
ventral suture. This differs from the follicle in nothing except its dehiscing by 
two valves. In Astragalus two spurious cells are formed by the projection 
inwards of either the dorsal or ventral suture, which forms a sort of dissepiment ; 
and in Cassia a great number of transverse diaphragms (phragmata) are formed 
by projections of the placenta. Sometimes the legumen is indehiscent, as in 
Cathartocarpus, Cassia fistula, and others ; but the line of dehiscence is in such 
species indicated by the presence of sutures. When the two sutures of the 
legumen separate from the valves, they form a kind of frame called replum, as 
in Carmichaelia. 
Examples. — Bean, Pea, Clover. 
VI. LoMENTUM. — (Legumen lomentaceum, Bich.) 
Differs from the legumen in being contracted in the spaces between such 
seed, and there separating into distinct pieces, or indehiscent, but divided by 
internal spurious dissepiments, whence it appears at maturity to consist of many 
articulations and divisions. 
Exainple. — Ornithopus. 
Class II. Fruit aggregate. AG GREG ATI. 
Ovaria slriclUj simple more than a single series produced by each Jtower. 
o 4 
