446 
PHYTOGRAPHY. 
BOOK IV. 
tectus; pericarpium exterius carnosum, drupaceum, spon- 
giosum vel siccum tenuissimum ; interius (endocarpiiim) 
fibrosum, durum, plus minusve crassum ; aut lignosum inde- 
hiscens, nucem 2-3-locularem (seu abortu unilocularem), seu 
nuculas 2 — 3 distinctas efFormans; aut crustaceum dehiscens, 
capsulam tricoccam producens, coccis interius et inferius rima 
longitudinali dehiscentibus. 
" Semen in quolibet loculo solitarium, erectum, sessile vel 
podospermio brevi cupulaeformi sufFultum. J'esta laevissima, 
fusca, fibrosa, Crustacea vel membranacea (in fructibus lignosis, 
ex. gr. Zizi/phis), raphe laterali interius notata, vel raphe dor- 
sali, sulco profundo exteriori inclusa superiusque testam per- 
forante, praedita (in Rhamnis). Chalaza, ut in ovulo. Nucleum 
membrana propria, libera vel testae subadhaerente, inclusum. 
Endospermium carnosum, flavescens, cellulosum, lateribus 
embryonis applicatum. Embryo magnus, semini subcon- 
formis, sed magis compressus, flavescens vel virescens, cotyle- 
donibus planis applicatis, carnosis ; radicula brevi infera. 
" Arbores, frutices vel sufFrutices, ramulis in plurihus spine- 
scentihus. Folia simplicia, alterna^ suhopposita, vel rarius exacte 
opposita {in Colletiis), penninervia vel triplinervia, sparsa vel 
subdisticha, basi scepius bistipidata, stipulis pjarvis, caducis vel 
spinescentibus et persistentibus [in Zizyphis, Paliuro). Flores 
axillares, solitarii, Jhsciculati, umbellati, vel cymosi^ rarius 
spicati, in spicis simplicibus vel interruptis {ramulis nudis), 
glomeratim dispositi {in Sageretia, Gouania, Ventilagine), in 
quibusdam paniculas terminales efformantes {in Ceanotho, Ber- 
chemia, Pomaderri), vel glomerati seu capitati {in Cryptandra, 
Phylica, &c.)" 
As an instance of a somewhat different mode of describing 
an order, the following natural character of Amarantacej]:, by 
the learned Dr. Von Martins, may be studied with advantage : 
it exhibits the manner in which characters are valued by the 
Botanists of Germany : — 
" Flores hermaphroditi, raro diclines : dioici aut abortu 
polygamo-monoici, aut singuli aut nonnulli glomerati bracteati. 
Perianthiumhygogymxm^ liberum, persistens, (/z^jo/^o:, utrumque 
compagine simile, exterius (calyx) diphyllum, nunc deficiens 
(evanescens) ; interius (corolla) pentaphyhum,petalis distinctis 
