CHAP. VII. 
OF BOTANICAL DRAWINGS. 
471 
ment of the flowers, and, in short, all that can be seen by the 
naked eye should be accurately expressed. It should also 
contain analyses of all the parts of fructification, magnified so 
much that every character may be distinctly seen ; and this 
analysis, to be complete, should express the state of the organs 
of fructification, not only at the period of the expansion of 
the flowers, but in the bud state, and when arrived at perfect 
maturity. If to this the germination, and vernation, and 
highly magnified anatomical representations of the tissue and 
internal structure of the stem and leaves be added, the draw- 
ing may be considered complete. 
But as the expense of preparing and publishing such 
drawings would be enormous, botanists usually content them- 
selves with a representation of those parts only that are sup- 
posed to be most essential ; such as the structure of the flower 
when expanded, and of the fruit and seed when ripe ; and 
this is found, for systematic purposes, sufficiently complete, 
provided such details as are introduced are perfectly clear and 
correct. 
In order to enable the student, who is interested in this sub- 
ject, to form a more distinct notion of the relative utility of 
botanical drawings, a reference to some of the most perfect 
that have yet been executed is subjoined. 
As instances of the highest perfection of which botanical 
drawings are at present susceptible, the volume of illustra^ 
tions of the structure of wheat, by Francis Bauer, preserved 
in the British Museum; the analysis of Rafllesia, published 
in the 12th volume of the Linnaean Transactions, and the 
microscopic drawings of the fructification of Orchideous plants, 
now in course of publication, both, also, by the same dis- 
tinguished artist, may be justly said to be entitled to the 
highest place. Next to these come the drawings of New 
Holland plants in the Appendix to Flinder's voyage to that 
country ; and the three fascicles of figures of New Holland 
plants by Ferdinand Bauer. A very high station is also 
claimed by Hooker's figures of British Jungermanniae, in 
which great skill, as an artist, is combined with deep and 
accurate microscopic research. In all these works the details 
of analysis are carried to a great extent. 
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