480 
GEOGRAPHY. 
BOOK V. 
CHIMBORAZO (ANDES). 
Lat. 2° SO". S. Height, 21,450 Feet, 
Elevation 
in Feet. 
Mean Temperature. 
Vegetation. 
0 
3,250 
5,200 
9,750 
11,375 
13,325 
14,300 
15,600 
Of the year - 80° 
Ditto - 71° 
Ditto - 66° 
Ditto - 60° 
Ditto - 46° 
Of the year - 29° 
Palms. 
Palms cease to grow. 
Tree ferns cease. 
Cinchonas cease. 
Alstonias and Befarias cease. 
Grasses cease. 
Culcitium rufescens ceases. 
Limits of perpetual snow. 
POPOCAYAN (MEXICO). 
Lat. 19° 20'. N. — Height, 17,550 Feet. 
Elevation 
in Feet. 
Mean Temperature. 
Vegetation. 
10,400 
11,375 
13,000 
15,275 
Of the year - 53° 
Of the year - 44° 
Oaks cease to grow. 
Alnus mexicana ceases. 
Pinus occidentals ceases. 
Limits of perpetual snow. 
ETNA (SICILY). 
Lat. 38° 6'. N. — Height, 1 1,360 Feet. 
Elevation 
in Feet. 
Mean Temperature. 
Vegetation. 
0 to 10o| 
1,100 
2,175 
4,350 
6,500 
8,125 
9,750 
10,000 
Of the year - 64° "1 
Of July and Aug. 76" J 
Palm 36, Musaceae, Saccharum. 
Oranges, olive, and rice cease to grow. 
Vine, wheat, and maize cease. 
Oaks and chestnuts cease. 
Rye and Pinus sylvestris cease. 
Fagus sylvestris and Betula become 
shrubs. 
Juniperus and Berberis cease. 
Pliaenogamous plants disappear. 
Lichens cease. 
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