BOOK V. 
GEOGRAPHY. 
507 
and shrubs. A greater number of ligneous plants than in II. The 
growth of grass less luxuriant. 
Predominating trees and shrubs : — Pinus Pinea, Pinaster, hale- 
pensis, Laricio ; Cupressus sempervirens ; Juniperus phoenicea, ma- 
crocarpa; Quercus Cerris, pedunculata, sessiliflora,Ilex, Suber,iEgi- 
lops, coccifera, infectoria ; Castanea vesca, Platanus orientalis, Alnus 
cordifolia, Corylus Colurna, Ostrya vulgaris; Acer monspessulanum, 
neapolitanum; Pistacia Terebinthus, Lentiscus; Ceratonia Siliqua, 
Cercis Siliquastrum, Genista scoparia, Mespilus Pyracantha, Prunus 
Laurocerasus ; Tamarix gallica, africana; Myrtus communis, Punica 
Granatum, Opuntia vulgaris (Cactus), Viburnum Tinus, Arbutus 
Unedo, Erica arborea and scoparia ; Rhododendron ponticum, 
maximum ; Cistus sp. ; Phillyrea latifolia, angustifolia ; Ornus euro- 
paea and rotundifolia, Nerium Oleander, Rosmarinus officinalis, 
Ephedra distachya, Chamaerops humilis, Ruscus aculeatus, Smilax 
aspera, Tamus communis. Agave americana. 
Cultivated plants, the same as under II. ; but the following are 
either scarce, or only to be found on mountains : — Secale cereale ; 
Ribes rubrum, Grossularia, nigrum ; Polygonum Fagopyrum, Hu- 
mulus Lupulus. 
The following are to be added : — Oryza sativa, Sorghum vulgare, 
Panicum italicum, Ficus Carica, Amygdalus communis, Pistacia 
vera ; Citrus Limonum, Medica, vulgaris, Aurantium ; Opuntia 
vulgaris, Cucurbita Citrullus, Olea europaea; Solanum Melongena, 
Lycopersicum; Pimpinella Anisum, Coriandrum sativum, Gossy- 
pium herbaceum, Morus alba. Crocus sativus, Rhus Coriaria, Lu- 
pinus albus, Onobrychis sativa. 
Note 1. Madeira, the Azores, and the Canary Islands belong to 
this kingdom ;. but their Flora approaches to that of tropical Africa. 
Characteristic forms are — Sempervivum arboreum, canariense, 
tortuosum, etc. ; Ilex Perado, Plocama pendula, Cacalia Kleinia, 
Sonchus fruticosus. Arbutus callicarpa, Ardisia excelsa, Ceropegia 
aphylla, Echium giganteum etc., Laurus foetens ; Euphorbia bal- 
samifera, canariensis ; Myrica Faya, Pinus canariensis. 
Note 2. The highest regions of this kingdom belong to I., and 
the middle to II. 
IV. Kingdom of Astere^ and Solidagine^. 
(North Northern- American Kingdom. — Michauxs Kingdom,) 
North America from the southern limits of the first kingdom to 
36°N.L. Mean Temperature, — 9-5'' to 59°. 
