514 
GEOGRAPHY. 
BOOK V 
burnia pinnata, Calophyllum Inophyllum, Clusia sessilis and pedi- 
cellata, Sapindus Saponaria; Dodonaea spathulata, viscosa; Aporetica 
pinnata, ternata ; Grewia Mallococca ; Sterculia Balanghas, fcetida; 
Commersonia echinata, Tetracera euryandi-a. 
Cultivated plants : Artocarpus incisa, Caladium esculentum (Taro), 
sagittifolium ; Arum macrorhizon, Tacca pinnatifida, Convolvulus 
chrysorhizus, Dioscorea alata, Cocos nucifera, Musa paradisiaca, 
Inocarpus edulis, Sterculia Balanghas ; Ficus aspera, Granatum ; 
Citrus decumana, Spondias dulcis, Mirausops dissecta, Terminalia 
glabra, Crataeva religiosa, Eugenia malaccensis. Dracaena termi- 
nalis, Piper methysticum, Areca oleracea, Broussonetia papyrifera, 
XII. Balsam-Tree Kingdom. 
(Arabian kingdom. — ForskaVs Kingdom.) 
The south-westerly mountainous part of the Arabian peninsula. 
Mean Temperature, 
Character. — Tropical, generally Indian forms. 
Characteristic genera : Stroemia, Marua, Senna, Oncoba, Cau- 
canthus, Geruma, Balsamodendron, Cadia, Orygia, Simbuleta. Some 
approximation to the South African flora (Stapelia, Haemanthus). 
Predominating trees and shrubs : Pandanus odoratissimus ; Ficus 
Sycomorus, salicifolia, populifolia, Forskalii, palmata, serrata, Sur, 
Toka; Avicennia tomentosa, Cynanchum arboreum, Coffea arabica ; 
Balsamodendron gileadense, opobalsamum, Kataf, Kafal ; Cela- 
strus edulis, parviflora ; Sterculia platanifolia^ Grewia populifolia ; 
Mcerua uniflora, racemosa. 
Cultivated plants : Sorghum sp., Hordeum hexastichon, Zea 
Mais, Arum Colocasia, Phoenix dactylifera, Musa paradisiaca, Cocos 
nucifera, Tamarindus indica, Ficus Carica, Carica Papaya, Persica 
vulgaris, Armeniaca vulgaris, Prunus domestica, Pyrus Malus, Cy- 
donia vulgaris, Vitis vinifera, Coffea arabica, Saccharum officinarum, 
Zingiber officinale, Raplianus sativus, Spinacia oleracea, Cucurbita 
Pepo, Dolichos sp., Gossypium arboreum, Indigofera tinctoria. 
Note. The Persian flora is not sufficiently known. 
XIII. The Desert Kingdom. 
(^Deliles Kingdom.) 
North Africa, south of Atlas,, and the Mediterranean Sea,between 
the 15° — 30° N. lat. ; the northern part of Arabia. Mean Tem- 
perature, 7-25° to 86°. 
Character. — A very poor flora. There are no characteristic 
orders or genera, but the following: Pennisetum dichotomum, 
Phoenix dactylifera, Cucifera thebaica. Euphorbia mauritanica, 
^rua tomentosa ; Acacia nilotica, arabica, gummifera, Senegal, 
Cassia obovata, Singueana ; Alhagi Maurorum, Mimosa Habbas, 
