BOOK V. 
GEOGRAPHY. 
519 
the characteristic forms : Thrinax, Epistylium, Alchornea, Tanae- 
cium, Tetranthus, Catesbaea, Belonia, Portlandia, Picramnia, Leg- 
notis, Lithophila, Valentinia, Hypelate. 
Among the predominating woody plants, merit to be mentioned, 
Cocos nucifera, Pinus occidentalis, Laurus sp., Melastoma sp., 
Myrtus sp. Uvaria sp. 
The cultivated plants are the same as in XV. 
XX. Kingdom of Palms and Melastoma. 
(Martins s Kingdom.) 
Brazil, or South America on the east of the Andes, between the 
equator and the tropic of Capricorn. Mean l^empei-aturey 59° to 
83-7°. 
Character. — It is probably this part of the surface of the earth 
in which the vegetable kingdom shows itself in the greatest abund- 
ance and variety. Especially remarkable for richness in genera and 
species, size of individuals, impenetrable woods, numerous climbing 
and parasitical plants. As characteristic though not peculiar or- 
ders, may be mentioned Palmae, Haemodoraceae, Gesnerieae, Melas- 
tomaceae, Sapindaceae ; the order Vochyaceae is peculiar. Of peculiar 
genera there are too many to enumerate ; among the most remark- 
able are : Vellosia, Barbacenia, Manihot, Franciscea, Ditassa, 
Lychnophora, Diplusodon, Kielmeyera, Sauvagesia, Lavradia. 
Characteristic genera and species, according to their different 
localities : In the primitive woods, Palmarum genera varia : Thoa, 
Ficus, Cecropia, Anda, Rhopala, Myristica, Bignonia, Theophrasta, 
Stiftia, Oxyanthus, Coutarea, Psychotria, Bertiera, Feuillea, Carica, 
Myrtus, Gustavia, Lecythis, Bcrtholletia, Melastoma, Hymenaea, 
Dimorpha, Trattininkia, Pilocarpus, Trichilia, Cedrela, Cupania, 
Banisteria, Hippocratea, Caryocar, Marcgravia, Clusia, Calophyl- 
lum, Sloanea, Gothea, Lebretonia, Abroma, Carolinea, Bixa, 
Uvaria. 
In the Catingas (deciduous woods) : latropha sp., Acacia sp., 
Mimosa sp., Caesalpinia pubescens etc., Spondias tuberosa, Thry- 
allis brasiliensis, Chorisia ventricosa, Bombax sp., Eriodendron 
sp., Pourretia ventricosa, Capparis lineata etc., Anona obtusi- 
folia etc. 
In the open bushy plains (campos), Paniceae, Amaryllis, Alstrce- 
meria, Vellosia, Barbacenia, Burmannia, Stelis, Cnemidostachys, 
Rhopala, Laurus, Ocotea, Gomphrena, Lantana, Echites, Hancor- 
nia speciosa, Gesneria, Lychnophora, Baccharis_, Vernonia, Mikania, 
Stevia, Melastoma, Rhexia, Terminalia fagifolia, Gaudichaudia, 
Sauvagesia, Lavradia, Plectranthera. 
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