Cretaceous Gastroiooda, and Pelecypoda from Zululand. 3 
(B.)— LITEEATUEE ON THE CEETACEOUS PALEONT- 
OLOGY OF ZULULAND AND SUEEOUNDING 
AEEAS OF SOUTHEEN AFEICA. 
Zululand. 
Although much is known concerning the Cretaceous faunas of 
Natal, Pondoland, and neighbouring regions of South-eastern Africa, 
we are indebted almost entirely to Mr. Anderson for our earliest 
knowledge of the Cretaceous areas of Zululand.''' His researches on 
this subject form a considerable part of three valuable reports, 
issued from the Surveyor-General's Office at Pietermaritzburg, 
Natal, in 1901, 1904, and 1907, the second and third containing 
special monographs on the Cretaceous fossils by Mr. E. Etheridge 
and Mr. G. C. Crick. 
In the first report f the Cretaceous outcrops discovered are 
stated to occur chiefly in three localities, viz., on the south bank of 
the Umfolosi Eiver, close to Lake Isitesa and about 20 miles above 
its mouth, and known as Umkwelane Hill ; on the Umsinene Eiver, 
some miles to the west of the north end of False Bay, a portion of 
St. Lucia Lake ; and in the bed of the creek, about two miles to the 
east of Crossly's Store, Bombeni, near the southern end of the 
Lembombo Eange, known as the Manuan Creek district. 
The same work mentions the Cretaceous rocks as in all cases 
resting " unconformably on the formations underneath. From 
their occurrence and disposition along the littoral it is evident that, 
after the main elevation of the southern part of the continent, they 
were deposited as a fringe around the eastern and south-eastern 
coasts, and their outcrops are now exposed on the land, through the 
slow continuation of the elevating forces which are still imperceptibly 
raising the coast-line of Zululand and Natal." 
Fuller particulars of these fossiliferous localities will now be given. 
Umkwelane Hill, — The following extract from Mr. Anderson's 
" First Eeport " (p. 49) gives details of the Umkwelane Hill deposits, 
which yielded the first recorded Cretaceous fossils from Zululand, 
and which form the subject of a memoir by Mr. E. Etheridge in the 
Second Eeport." 
''Between the Lower Umfolosi Eiver and the Isitesa Lake, there 
is an outcrop of Cretaceous rocks which form the Umkwelane Hill. 
The fossiliferous bed is an impure limestone of a bluish grey colour, 
* Cretaceous deposits in the region of St. Lucia Bay had been previously 
recognised by the late Mr. C. L. Griesbach, but without palaeontological evidence 
{Qaart. Journ. Geol. Soc, 1871, vol. 27, p. 61). 
t Anderson, W. — First Report of the Geological Survey of Natal and Zulu- 
land. Pietermaritzburg, 1901, p. 47. 
