New and Interesting South African Mosses. 
191 
the autoicous inflorescence is rare, if not unknown in Gymnostomum. On 
the other hand the entire absence of hymenium precludes Hymenostomum, 
of which also it has not the habit ; and it seems most at home here ; it is 
not indeed unlike some forms of G. calcareum in appearance and fruit. 
Gymnostomum gracile (Wager) {Weisia gracilis Wager in 'Trans. 
Eoy. Soc. S. Africa,' iv, p. 4) is nearly allied, but has wider, more obtuse 
leaves, nerve more highly scabrous at back, seta distinctly longer, etc. 
Wager's Pretoria plant (No. 97) had been submitted to Dr. Brotherus, 
and was determined by him as " Eucladium (or Weisia) africannm Wag. 
& Broth., sp. n." It is identical with Sim's plant, however. Brotherus' 
determination attests the doubt as to the generic position of the species. 
The entire absence of peristome appears to me on the whole to preclude 
Eucladium as well as Weisia. 
Trichostomum cylindricum (Bruch) C. M. Near Hogsback, 4600 ft., 
Tjumie, CP., 1916; coll. Hend. (No. 202), c. fr. ; and again, 1917, coll. 
D. Hend. (No. 328p.p.). 
This species has not been recorded from continental Africa. It appears 
to be a more widely-spread plant than has been recognised ; it is known 
from the greater part of Europe and N. America, from Sikkim to Ceylon 
in Asia, and from the Andes in S. America. Cardot has recorded it 
(M. de Madagascar) from two localities in Madagascar, where it is sterile. 
The fruit of No. 202 shows scarcely any difference from the European 
plant ; the seta is a shade stouter and redder, and the capsule a little more 
pachydermatous, but even these characters are not constant. The peristome 
agrees well. 
Trichostomum hrachydontium Bruch. Near Hogsback, 4-6000 ft., 
Tjumie, CP., 1916 ; coll. Hend. (No. 194) ; Zululand, comm. C. Webster 
(No. 927); Camperdown, Natal, 2000 ft., 1900 ; coll. H. M. Pearson, comm. 
C. Webster (No. 926). 
This species has been recorded from Eeunion, and is well known from 
the West African Islands, but has not yet been published from continental 
Africa, I believe. It is sterile only in the above gatherings, but I cannot 
separate it vegetatively from our European plant. 
Tortella rufiseta (C M.) Broth. George, CP., 1916; coll. H. A. W. 
(No. 505), c. fr.; Knysna, CP., 1916 ; coll. H. A. W. (No. 528), c. fr. 
The cells in this species are unusually clear and pellucid. C Mueller 
describes the peristome as red, and I find the short basal membrane red, 
and the teeth reddish when seen with the lens, but by transmitted light 
the teeth are orange or yellowish ; they are marked by delicate and rather 
striking spirally arranged papillae. 
Tortella xanthocarpa (Schimp.) Broth. Ceorge, CP., 1916; coll. 
H. A. W. (No. 505b), c. fr. Mixed with T. rufiseta, and resembling it in 
appearance, but quite distinct in the autoicous inflorescence, short seta, 
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