22G 
THE SCAUP DUCKS. 
The Ferruginous -Scaup Duck (Fuligula Nyroca)^ va- 
riously called the Eed, Castaneous, White-eyed, and Nyroca 
Duck ; the African Teal ; the Nyroca Pochard. 
The Broad-billed Scaup Duck {F.. marild)^ sometimes 
called the Spoon-bill, or White-faced Duck. 
The Tufted Scaup Duck {F, crestata), called also the 
Tufted, or Black Duck ; the Black Widgeon. 
The Scaup Ducks (genus Fuligula) differ from the 
Pochards chiefly in having the body shorter, the bill 
broader and less elongated, and the membrane of the hind 
toe wider. The birds of this genus, from the shortness of 
their legs, and the great size of their hind toes, walk with 
difficulty, but swim and dive with ease. During the 
winter season they are essentially marine in their habits ; 
but in the summer, when they resort to the marshes of 
the arctic regions, they live chiefly in and about fresh 
water. The first of the above-named three British species 
is about sixteen inches long; the head, neck, and fore part 
of the breast and sides are chestnut-red ; there is a dusky 
ring round the middle of the neck. The back and Aving 
coverts are dusky brown, tinged with green; across the 
brownish-black Avings there is a bar of white, the colour 
of the under part of the body. This species is said to 
inhabit India, Persia, Egypt, Northern Africa, and Southern 
Europe ; it has been found in Eussia and Iceland. Tem- 
minck says it is a regular migrant in Germany, but in this 
country it appears as an occasional visitant only. According 
to Yarrell, it is not unfrequently to be seen in the London 
markets, and the individuals there exposed generally 
come from the eastern counties between the Thames and 
the Humber. Temminck describes it as nestling among 
the rushes that border the large rivers and marshes, and 
laying nine or ten eggs of a greenish white colour. It 
feeds on small frogs, aquatic plants, and seeds ; sometimes 
on small fishes. 
The Broad-billed Scaup Duck is larger than the pre- 
ceding species, generally measuring about twenty inches 
in length. The hind and upper part of the neck are 
greenish black ; the rest of the neck, the fore part of the 
