16 BULLETIN 1346, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
understanding that those operating within its limits should retain 
their existing rights. This, as in the case of the proposed antelope 
refuge in southeastern Oregon, accorded perfectly with the policy 
of the Biological Survey and the desires of its cooperators inter- 
ested in the project. 
Many antelope now exist within the limits of the proposed Owyhee 
refuge, as well as mule deer and other interesting mammals, and 
many sage hens. It is an ideal arid-region game refuge, offering 
sage plains yaried with groups of low mountains, where consider- 
able numbers of game animals can be maintained without in any 
way interfering with the grazing interests. 
The sympathetic interest shown by the stockmen in this area 
indicates that if this refuge can be established it will give a fine 
demonstration of the practicability of maintaining reasonable num- 
bers of game along with the continued use of such an area for stock- 
growing purposes. 
It can not be too often emphasized that it is not the policy of 
the Biological Survey completely to exclude grazing from game 
refuges except under verj^ exceptional circumstances. This bureau 
is convinced that w^herever a large area is involved game can be 
maintained there with stock without interfering with the legitimate 
utilization of such area for economic purposes. 
It is hoped that with a better understanding of the purposes of 
these refuges, which are mainly to put an end to hunting game 
within their limits and to bring about a greater protection of game 
in order that it may be maintained and increase for the benefit of 
the surrounding region, the neighboring stockmen may come to 
approve their establishment. It is to be appreciated that refuges 
of this character should be formed in complete cooperation with 
the stockmen if they are to be effective. 
RESTOCKING EXPERIMENTS, 1924 
After a visit to the Grand Canyon National Park in northern Ari- 
zona, E. E. Brownell, of San Francisco, suggested in 1922 that the 
plateau midway down the slope on the south side of the canyon 
might well be utilized to establish a band of antelope. Following 
this suggestion, an expert of the Biological Survey examined the 
ground and found the project to be practicable. W. T. Hornaday, 
of the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund, also visited the Grand 
Canyon and approved the establishment of an antelope herd there. 
The outcome w^as that Doctor Brownell and Doctor Hornaday each 
contributed a very considerable sum to a fund to cooperate with the 
Biological Survey to carry out the project. 
At first it was planned to purchase the young antelope for re- 
stocking purposes from Alberta, but later the Governor of Nevada, 
in recognition of the cooperation of the Biological Survey in the 
establishment of the State antelope refuges in the northern part of 
the State, very generously granted a permit for the bureau to cap- 
ture 40 antelope fawns on the Washoe State Game Kefuge. For- 
tunately O. C. Wood, one of the predatory-animal hunters of the 
Biological Survey, owned a ranch in the midst of the area occupied 
by the great antelope herds of that region, which was an ideal place 
