WILD OX AND ITS EXTERMINATION 55 
birmaniciis)y in which the adult bulls arc normally 
tawny or pale chestnut. 
On the other hand, it is not improbable that some 
of the last survivors of the aurochs, more especially 
those kept in enclosed parks, may have shown a 
tendency to depart from the normal type of colour, 
especially if they had any strain of domesticated 
blood ; and this may have been the case with the 
grey aurochs presented to Cardinal Gaetano, which, 
it should be noted, came from the royal preserve 
near Warsaw, and not from the Jaktorowka Forest, 
three-and-thirty miles distant. 
Much has been made of an illustration in some of 
the editions of Ulrich von Richental's Chronik des 
Konstanzer Konsi/s, of which the text seems to have 
been first published in 1420, although the illustrated 
editions did not appear till 1433, 1463, and 1483. 
The illustration, which is reproduced in page 69 of 
Dr. Hilzheimer's article entitled " Wie had der Ur 
ausgesehen ? " ^ shows two Polish peasants unloading 
a four-wheeled cart which they had brought from 
Cracow to Constance. The contents of the cart 
include two barrels and the carcase of a brownish 
black steer. From the text we learn that the King 
of Poland sent to the Latin King of Constance a 
huge aurochs, or tur, which had been captured in 
Lithuania. Originally three were caught, but two 
appear to have died on the way to Cracow, and their 
flesh was preserved in the aforesaid barrels, one of 
which seems to have been subsequently forwarded to 
the King of England. Judging from the illustration, 
it would seem that the aurochs brought to Cracow 
did not reach Constance alive. 
^ Jahrbtich furiviss. u. prakt. Tierzticht, vol. v. 1910. 
