ZOOLOGICAL POSITION AND STRUCTURE 27 
to the members of the family BovidcB collectively as 
the hollow-horned ruminants, since the term bovine 
ruminants is a somewhat ambiguous one, being ap- 
plicable either to the ox and its immediate relatives 
or to the family as a whole. In addition to oxen, 
sheep, goats, antelopes, musk-oxen, and chamois are 
members of the family. 
The reader will now be in a position to understand 
the position occupied by the ox in the animal kingdom, 
which may be shown in tabular form as follows : — 
Subkingdom VERTEBRATA— Vertebrates, or 
Back-boned Animals. 
Class Mammalia — Mammals. 
Order Ungulata — Hoofed Mammals, or 
Ungulates. 
Suborder Artiodactyla — Even-toed Un- 
gulates. 
Section Pecora — Typical Ruminants. 
Family BOVID^ — Hollow-horned Ru- 
minants. 
Subfamily BoviN/E — the Ox Tribe. 
Genus Bos — Oxen, Bison, and 
Buffaloes. 
Species Bos tawus — the Ox. 
Subspecies {a) Bos taurus 
typicus — the Domesticated 
Ox of Sweden. 
Subspecies {U) Bos taurus 
primigenius — the Extinct 
Wild Ox. 
The ruminants constituting the subfamily Bovince, 
all of which are included in this volume in the genus 
Bos^ and may be collectively designated oxen, in the 
