BRITISH PARK-CATTLE 69 
(Northumberland), Ewelme Park (Oxfordshire), 
Gisburne Park (Yorkshire), Hoghton Tower (Lanca- 
shire), Holdenby Park (Northamptonshire), Kilmory 
House (Argyllshire), Leigh Court (Somersetshire), 
Lyme Park (Cheshire), Middleton Park (Lancashire), 
Naworth Castle (Cumberland), Somerford Park 
(Cheshire), Whalley Abbey (Lancashire), and Wolla- 
ton Park (Nottinghamshire). Of these numerous herds 
the only ones now remaining are those at Cadzow, 
Chillingham, Kilmory, Lyme, and Somerford. 
One of the most famous herds of these cattle is 
that of Chillingham, which has formed the subject of 
many descriptions. There is some doubt as to the 
date of the enclosure of Chillingham Park, which, 
however, probably took place early in the thirteenth 
century; and there is undoubted evidence of the 
existence of the herd rather more than two hundred 
years ago. In appearance the Chillingham cattle 
are small, with moderately rough and curly coats, 
and short upwardly-directed horns. At the present 
day the insides of the ears and the muzzles are red ; 
but it appears that in 1692 black ears were more 
numerous than red, and that the present colouring 
has been produced by selection. The upward direc- 
tion of the horns serves at once to distinguish these 
cattle from the aurochs ; but this feature may be of 
comparatively recent origin. 
The Cadzow cattle, belonging to the Duke of 
Hamilton, inhabit a smaller area than those at 
Chillingham, and are therefore less wild. They 
differ from the Chillingham breed in having the ears 
and muzzles black, while there is also a greater or 
smaller amount of black on the front of the fore-legs. 
Their heads are also more rounded, and their limbs 
