BRITISH PARK-CATTLE 
79 
cattle, whereas the larger English breeds were derived 
by importation from a Continental source. A year 
previously he had stated^ that "the half-wild oxen 
of Chillingham Park in Northumberland, and other 
places in northern and central Britain, are probably 
the last surviving representatives of the gigantic urus 
of the Pleistocene period, reduced in size and modified 
in every respect by their small range and their con- 
tact with man." 
As regards the latter point Professor Dawkins is in 
accord with Professor Low ; but if the latter be right, 
as he probably is, in regarding the white, and there- 
fore also the black, Pembroke breed as near akin to 
park-cattle, which both writers agree in deriving from 
the aurochs, it is obvious that Pembroke, and thus 
Scottish, cattle must likewise have the same original 
ancestry, although the latter may trace their descent 
through the Celtic shorthorn. 
The next contribution to the subject demanding 
notice is one by Professor T. M'Kenny Hughes, of 
Cambridge, entitled " The more Important Breeds of 
Cattle which have been Recognised in the British 
Isles, etc. etc." 2 In this memoir the author revives 
and amplifies Owen's theory that white park-cattle 
are descended from white or fawn-coloured Italian 
cattle introduced by the Romans into Britain. It is 
stated that skulls from the Roman rubbish-heaps 
indicate a breed such as would be produced by 
crossing Roman cattle with the Celtic shorthorn ; and 
also that if a selection of the lighter-coloured in- 
dividuals of the common draught-ox of Italy were 
turned out in a park in England, no one would 
^ Op. cit. vol. xxii. p. 398, 1866. 
" ArchcEologia^ London, vol. Iv. p. 125, 1896, 
