BRITISH PARK-CATTLE 
8i 
Italian cattle were introduced into Britain in sufficient 
numbers to modify all the cattle of the British 
Islands (which Professor Dawkins distinctly affirms 
they were not), we ought to find pale fawn-colour 
prevalent among the modern native breeds. 
Again, even if it were admitted that cattle imported 
by the Romans might have modified the native 
breeds in the south and central counties of England, 
how can it be conceived that they could have equally 
affected the cattle in Northumberland and parts of 
Scotland, from the descendants of which the Chilling- 
ham and Cadzow park-cattle were derived? 
But, to put the argument in another way, park- 
cattle, as mentioned above, very frequently throw 
black calves, and are thus evidently descended from 
a black stock. How, then, can they possibly bear 
any relation to white or fawn-coloured Italian cattle, 
which never seem to have black calves, are appar- 
ently related to the long-horned Podolian cattle of 
Hungary, and are evidently an altogether distinct 
and specialised type? If the modern park-cattle are 
derived from such a light-coloured foreign stock, they 
could not have remained white from Roman times 
till the enclosure of the British parks and yet fre- 
quently produce black calves ; and if their ancestors 
did not throw black calves, how comes it that their 
descendants do so ? 
In 1898, in a paper on the white Chartley cattle, 
Professor Dawkins ^ resumed the subject of the origin 
of the Celtic shorthorn and its relationship to British 
breeds, writing as follows : — 
" This small short-horned breed was introduced 
^ Transactions of North Staffordshire Field-Club, vol. xxxiii., p. 48, 
1898-9. 
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