BRITISH PARK-CATTLE 83 
abounded in the forests of the Continent in Prehistoric 
times, and lingered in Europe as far down as the 
time of Charles the Great. It has nothing to do 
with the large, fawn-coloured cattle of Italy, as sug- 
gested by Professor M'Kenny Hughes. These are 
derived from the East and probably from Egypt. 
This larger breed spread over the Continent of Europe 
through the Prehistoric and early Historic period, 
and became defined from all others by its white 
colour and red or black ears, not merely in the 
British Isles, but also in Spain. It cannot be traced 
further back in our land than the time of the English 
migration. It may very well have been introduced 
even later than this by the Scandinavian Vikings, 
who were in the habit of taking cattle on shipboard 
and carrying them to foreign lands." 
In this paper the author repeats in the main his 
original views, but definitely regards the Celtic short- 
horn as of Asiatic origin ; seeming thereby to admit 
Rutimeyer's suggestion that it is a derivative from 
the humped zebu, a point referred to more fully in 
a later chapter. The view that the Celtic shorthorn 
is the ancestor of the modern Scottish and Welsh 
breeds is repeated ; but the white park-cattle are 
assigned, apparently for the first time by this writer, 
to a Continental stock, although still stated to be 
derived directly from the aurochs. This, of course, 
is in direct opposition to the opinion of Low, by 
whom the Pembroke and the Chillingham cattle 
were, as already mentioned, considered to be closely 
allied native breeds; an opinion in which I fully 
concur. 
This question is further discussed in the chapter 
on foreign breeds of cattle. 
