84 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
Here another point may be mentioned, namely, 
that the Chartley cattle show unmistakable signs of 
affinity on the one hand to the longhorn breed, and 
on the other to the above-mentioned white Pem- 
brokes, which themselves approximate to the longhorn 
type, as is pointed out on page 336 of an article by 
Mr. H. E. Forrest,^ published in 1908, on the origin 
of British " wild " cattle. Now it has been shown by 
Mr. R. Hedger Wallace on page 428 of an earlier 
paper on the same subject^ that the old Craven 
breed of longhorns, as well as certain Irish cattle, 
always had a white line on the back, which he rightly 
regards as evidence of their descent from the aurochs. 
Ergo^ if Chartley park-cattle and white Pembrokes 
are akin to longhorns, they, too, must likewise claim 
aurochs-descent. This is, in fact, admitted by Mr. 
Forrest, who shows, in the paper cited, by means of 
an illustration, that in the shape of their horns, and 
the straight line formed between their bases by the 
vertex of the skull, the Chartley and Lyme Park 
breeds come very close to the aurochs, whereas the 
Cadzow and Chillingham breeds are nearer in these 
respects to the Celtic shorthorn, in which the inter- 
cornual ridge of the skull is convex. 
The importance of this paper consists in the 
admission that all park-cattle and the older British 
breeds are derived, either with or without the 
intervention of the Celtic shorthorn, from the 
aurochs ; and this appears the common-sense view 
of the matter. The elaborate table of the origin 
^ "White Cattle: an Inquiry into their Origin and History," 
Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, ser. ii. vol. v. pp. 220 and 403, 
1898-99. In this paper, which contains a valuable bibliography 
relating to ancient and modern cattle, the author endorses, in the main, 
the views of Professor Hughes. 
