BRITISH PARK-CATTLE 85 
of the park and Highland breeds given by Mr. 
Forrest seems, however, scarcely justified by the 
facts at command. 
In my own opinion the half-wild cattle which 
are known to have roamed through the British 
forests in the time of Fitz-Stephen, but whose 
precise origin and relationships cannot now be 
determined, may perfectly well have given rise to 
the various park-breeds, without the intervention of 
imported breeds. There is indeed direct evidence 
that in various parts of the country some of these 
forest-cattle were " rounded up " and driven in at 
the time of the enclosure of the great estates to 
form the basis of the local herds. Many of these 
forest-cattle, which at the time of the enclosure of 
the parks may have been already differentiated into 
distinct local breeds, were probably more or less 
dark-coloured — like the aurochs and the Celtic 
shorthorn ; and if this be so, the pure white of the 
park-breeds was, as already suggested, produced 
by subsequent selection and elimination. There 
were, indeed, white cattle on the Cumberland moors 
in 1675,^ but this was long after the enclosure of 
the parks. 
The black Pembroke breed, and therefore probably 
also the Highland kyloes, appears nearly related to 
the stock from which park-cattle were derived ; and 
the old longhorn breed seems likewise to have sprung 
from this same early stock. 
In regard to the view that the old forest-cattle 
were mainly dark, it may perhaps be urged that 
as cattle which have run wild in the Falkland and 
Ladrone Islands are white with dark ears and 
^ Wallace, op. cit. p. 242. 
