104 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
States only in 1884, and into Canada five years later. 
A well-known herd is kept at Lock, Partridge Green, 
Sussex, by Mr. W. A. Thornton, to whom I am 
indebted for the illustration in Plate VII. 
The rich grazing-lands of Herefordshire are the 
home of one of the most unmistakable breeds 
of British cattle. Low writes that the Herefords 
" have that orange-yellow colour of the skin which 
distinguishes the Pembrokes and the Devons, and 
that medium length of horns which separates these 
breeds and these varieties from the race termed long- 
horned. It cannot be supposed that they have been 
kept free from intermixture with the long-horned and 
other varieties of the lower country, but they may be 
referred to that group of breeds which comprehends 
the Pembroke, the Devon, the Sussex, and the 
Glamorgan, and which some writers have proposed 
to term the middle-horned, a designation which 
distinguishes them from the long-horned on the 
one hand, and the short-horned on the other, but 
which does not sufficiently separate them from other 
very different varieties, as those which occupied many 
of the former forests of the country, and even from 
the older Yorkshire shorthorns." 
On the other hand, some writers believe that the 
modern type has been developed by crossing with 
white-faced cattle imported from the Low Countries 
prior to 167 1. 
Although Herefords are now chiefly bred for the 
sake of their beef, it will be found in certain old 
works on agriculture that the breed, like Devons and 
Sussex, was chiefly valued for draught purposes. 
Originally Herefords were red or brown, or even 
black, in colour, with no white. From that they 
