DOMESTICATED BRITISH CATTLE 109 
Sale, of Arden Hill, Atherstone. These modern 
longhorns are not only an extremely picturesque 
type of cattle, but are excellent both for the butcher 
and for dairy purposes. They are also valued for 
crossing, as an infusion of their blood is stated to 
infuse stamina into other breeds. Not infrequently, 
as in the head in the British Museum, the colour 
is strawberry-roan. 
The affinity of the longhorns to the extinct Chartley 
park-cattle, and thus to the white Pembrokes, has 
been already noticed. 
As the longhorn is an ancient breed largely 
characteristic of the north-western districts and now 
decadent, so its antithesis, the modern shorthorn, is 
a breed of comparatively recent origin, whose original 
home was in the north-east of England, in the 
counties of Durham, Northumberland, and York, 
although it has now spread over nearly the whole 
of England, and is essentially a dominant type, not 
only in the British Island, but almost throughout 
the civilised countries of the world. 
It has been asserted that cattle of a shorthorn type 
were bred on the Yorkshire estates of the Dukes 
of Northumberland at least so early as the close of 
the sixteenth century ; and it is known that at a 
later period black cattle with relatively short horns 
were prevalent in Yorkshire, while in Lincolnshire 
these were replaced by a strain in which white, red, 
and roan were prevalent. By the early part of the 
eighteenth century two types or strains of short- 
horns, the one known as the Teeswater, and the 
other as the Holderness, the latter prevailing in 
the south-eastern districts of Yorkshire, had been 
developed. About half a century later Michael 
