DOMESTICATED BRITISH CATTLE iii 
white, or strawberry-roan, the last of these being 
specially characteristic, and often termed ''the short- 
horn colour." In bulls the horns are shorter, stouter, 
and less curved than those of cows. The softness 
of the skin, the fineness of the short coat, and the 
slenderness of the bones are special features of 
shorthorns, which rank in the first class in the 
estimation of the butcher. 
Shorthorns were imported into the United States 
in 1783, when a consignment was received in Virginia. 
Others arrived in 1792, and again in 1 81 2, but 
pedigree bulls were not received till 18 17. The 
breed is the one most highly esteemed in the United 
States ; and it is also abundant in Argentina, 
Australia, and, to a less degree. South Africa. In 
hardiness shorthorns are not the equals of Herefords 
or Galloways. 
Lincolnshire red shorthorns may be regarded as a 
modern sub-breed, raised in the county from which 
they take their name. They should be wholly red, 
with the exception of a white tail-tuft. Of late years 
this strain has come into favour abroad ; and in the 
year ending on ist October 1910 thirty-six bulls and 
thirty-one cows and heifers were exported to South 
Africa, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. 
As a breed of comparatively small importance, a 
very brief notice will serve in the case of the so-called 
Falkland cattle of Fifeshire, which take their name 
from the domain of Falkland, in the lower part of 
the vale of Eden. Of these cattle Low wrote as 
follows : — 
" The existing cattle of Fifeshire do not really form 
a breed or family. They are rather a mixture of 
breeds, the members of which are not so amalgamated 
