126 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
" For many centuries the Val di Chiana, in Tuscany, 
has been celebrated for its white cattle. The breed 
called Chianina, or Val di Chiana, is white, with the 
muzzle and the tip of the tail black, the tongue dark, 
the ears flesh-coloured internally, and the horns long, 
fine, and black-tipped. 
The Maremmana breed, which is mingled grey 
and white in colour, is found on the salt, marshy 
plains of Volterra and the clays of Sienna ; it is a 
working breed. The Tiberina breed differs but little 
from the last; while the Svizzera breed, which is black, 
occurs only in the neighbourhood of Pisa. In Venetia, 
the seaboard and alpine province of Udine, the 
ancient Friuli, the cattle are a mixture of all the 
neighbouring breeds — Tyrolese, Styrian, Carinthian, 
and Belanese — grafted on the local stock known as 
Friulance, which is itself one of the numerous varieties 
of a breed that now predominates in every part of 
Italy. 
" This is the typical breed of south-eastern Europe, 
which has two subdivisions, firstly, the Hungarian- 
Transylvanian, and, secondly, the Podolian-Moldere. 
Tyrolese oxen are first brought while young into the 
province of Brescia, in Lombardy, and thence dis- 
tributed over the plains under the name of Brescian 
oxen. They are tall and white-skinned, the best 
coming from Merano and Lana, in the Tyrol. Oxen 
are also brought from Emilia into the provinces of 
Cremona and Mantua ; but those of the Tyrol are 
preferred. 
"In northern Italy there is the Piedmontese 
or Carmagnola breed — tall of stature, short-horned, 
and greyish red in colour. Emilia, or its northern 
part, about Piacenza, has a specific type, called 
