MODERN CONTINENTAL CATTLE 133 
cattle by their distinctly lyrate shape, the first main 
curve having the convexity in front instead of behind. 
Their tendency is also to grow upwards and back- 
wards, rather than forwards, and they may be, as in 
the Galla cattle, very large. Other characteristics of 
the zebu are to be found in the large dewlap, and the 
white rings round the eyes and fetlocks, the light 
fetlock-rings being remarkably constant in all the 
half-breeds so common in northern India. Now, 
Spanish draught cattle of the Gallego breed not only 
exhibit an approximation to the zebu, and especially 
to the Galla, type, in the direction, curvature, and size 
of the horns, but also show a similar large dewlap, 
and light rings round the eyes and the fetlocks. The 
horns of the large whitish Italian cattle also ap- 
proximate, especially in direction, to the same 
type; and to a certain extent a similar feature is 
noticeable in the horns of the large pale-coloured 
Podolian and Hungarian cattle, breeds which 
also have large dewlaps, and, despite their light 
colour, traces of white rings round the eyes and 
fetlocks. 
The foregoing features observable in the north 
Spanish and other light-coloured south European 
cattle are those which might be expected to be 
retained in breeds descended from the zebu, which 
have been so altered by selection and crossing, 
probably with the indigenous cattle of Europe, as to 
have lost all trace of the hump. 
The theory that Spanish draught cattle have a 
strain of zebu-blood in their veins receives support 
from the circumstance that there appear to be two 
fundamentally different types of European cattle. 
On the one side are the breeds of the aurochs-type, 
