134 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
such as the Castilian, Andalucian, Jersey, Pembroke, 
West Highland, and white park-cattle, which trace 
their origin more or less directly, in my opinion, to 
B. taurus primigenius, and, except for albinism, are 
for the most part black, red, or tawny in colour, 
while the forehead of the skull is flat, the dewlap is 
small, and the horns are singly-curved, with a more 
or less forward direction, especially at the tips, which, 
with rare individual exceptions, show no backward 
inclination. On the other side are the long-horned 
north Spanish, Italian, Grecian, and Hungarian 
breeds, whose colour is very generally pale chestnut, 
drab, silver-grey, or creamy white, often with light 
rings round the eyes and fetlocks, while the dewlap 
is large, the forehead of the skull often convex, and 
the tips of the doubly-curved horns show a distinct 
backward direction. This type must almost certainly 
have had an origin distinct from that of the first 
group, and since it approximates in the features 
already enumerated to the zebu type, while the zebu 
itself has existed in Mesopotamia from Assyrian 
times,^ nothing is more probable than a zebu ancestry 
for the cattle in question. This view of the zebu- 
origin of the long-horned cattle of Spain is strongly 
supported by Dr. Durst,^ who is of opinion that the 
long-horned cattle of ancient Egypt belong to the 
same stock, as is indicated by the form of their horns 
and skull. These long-horned cattle of ancient 
Egypt — of which the British Museum possesses a 
skull and horns dating from about 3500 B.C. — were 
humpless, as is shown in the annexed figure of a 
yoke of oxen threshing corn, and likewise in the 
^ Diirst, Die Kinder von Babylonien, Assyrien, tmd Agypten, p. 15. 
^ Op. cit. p. 72. 
