ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN CATTLE 135 
representation of an ox led by two men. On account 
of their humpless character, I at one time regarded 
these ancient Egyptian cattle as a distinct type ; but 
the hump has probably been eliminated by selection. 
Dr. Diirst considers them to be near akin to the 
Indian zebu, and believes that they were introduced 
into Egypt from the East during the prehistoric 
epoch. Having been established in northern Africa, 
they were at a later period introduced into the 
Spanish Peninsula, possibly by the Phoenicians, but 
more probably, in the opinion of the writer last quoted, 
by the Arabs, who 
in early times had 
an extensive trade 
with Cordova. 
In the slenderness 
and contour of their 
horns the ancient 
Egyptian cattle de- 
part further from the 
African zebu type 
than is the case with 
the Spanish long-horned breed ; but this may perhaps 
be attributed to special selection, the fact that the 
ancient Egyptians possessed a polled breed tending 
to confirm this view. In north-western Africa there 
m.ay have been a larger-horned breed. 
If the long-horned Spanish cattle were imported 
from Africa, Europe would appear to have received 
its zebu-like breeds from two sources, the long- 
horned, light-coloured cattle of Italy and Hungary 
having, as already mentioned, probably come from 
Asia Minor. 
Here it may be mentioned that the long-horned 
