ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN CATTLE 137 
have died out in Egypt at an early period, when they 
were replaced by a short-horned breed. 
This short-horned breed, which also existed in 
Egypt in Pharaonic times, and in some instances 
carried horns of only a few inches in length, was 
represented by two strains, the one with, and the other 
without, a hump. The humped type, which seems to 
have come originally from Syria, but may have 
reached Egypt from Nubia,^ appears to have resem- 
bled the modern short-horned and humped cattle of 
Somaliland. 
Here it is important to refer again to the origin 
and relations of the Celtic shorthorn, which have 
already been discussed in the chapter on park-cattle. 
In the opinion of Dr. Diirst the short-horned humped 
cattle of ancient Egypt and the modern breeds of 
Syria and Asia are nearly related to that form of the 
Celtic shorthorn whose remains occur in the Pfahl- 
bauten or prehistoric lake-dwellings of Switzerland. 
In other words (following the lead of Professor Riiti- 
meyer, of Basle), he states that the short-horned 
breed of the Pfahlbauten came originally from Asia, 
was domesticated in times long antecedent to the 
Babylonian civilisation, and was derived from the zebu.'^ 
This opinion leads, however, to great difficulties, for 
if, as is generally admitted, the true Celtic shorthorn 
is more or less nearly identical with the Pfahlbauten 
breed, the former must likewise be to a great extent 
derived from the zebu. But if the Celtic shorthorn 
be descended from the zebu, and is likewise, as Pro- 
fessor Boyd Dawkins^ and several other writers 
1 Durst, op. cit. p. 73. 2 /^^-^^ 81-85. 
2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxiii. p. 184, 1867 ; and Trans. North 
Stafford Field Club^ vol. xxxiii. p. 48, 1898-99. 
