HUMPED CATTLE OF ASIA AND AFRICA 157 
a herd of cattle that have been wild for many years. 
The country they frequent is much covered with 
jungle and intersected with salt-water creeks and 
back-waters, and the cattle are as wild and wary as 
the most feral species. Their horns were very long 
and upright, and they were of large size. I shot 
one there in 1843, but had great difficulty in stalking 
it, and had to follow it across one or two creeks." 
In the Punjab many of the native cattle seem to 
have a cross of the humpless breeds, the hump being 
small or absent, although the white fetlock-rings are 
commonly present. Possibly, as in the case of the 
old Egyptian breeds, the diminution or elimination of 
the hump may be due to selection. 
Humped cattle, although not, apparently, of a 
pure type, are found in the south of China and 
Formosa. In describing these cattle, which are 
commonly known to Europeans in China as yellow 
cows, Mr. R. Swinhoe ^ states that they are of relative 
small size, and in some respects intermediate between 
humpless and the typical humped Indian breeds. 
They have, for instance, the head and dewlap of the 
type characteristic of the latter, as well as a small 
hump, and an otherwise straight back. The horns 
are, however, short, and the skull has some of the 
characters of that of the ordinary European humpless 
breeds, especially in regard to the prominence and 
obliquity of the eye-sockets, such features being very 
probably due to crossing with the larger cattle of 
northern China, which are more of the European type. 
The following account of the humped cattle which 
have run wild in China and Formosa is quoted by 
^ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London^ 1S70, p. 698, 
with figures. 
