HUMPED CATTLE OF ASIA AND AFRICA 167 
a breed of long-horned cattle without humps ; and 
" from these appear to have been derived the trek- 
oxen of the Boers of the Transvaal, of which there 
are four strains, and likewise those of Cape Colony. 
These are light-bodied, large cattle, with long limbs, 
and, especially in the case of the oxen, enormous 
horns, of which the direction is largely outwards ; 
very generally the colour of the coat is red. Rock- 
pictures of great antiquity indicate that these trek- 
oxen are of native origin, although, in Cape Colony 
at any rate, they appear to have been largely crossed 
with Dutch and Friesian cattle. 
On the west coast the Herero of Namaqualand, 
who are the great cattle-breeders of this part of Africa, 
possess a breed of very long-horned cattle without 
humps, in which the tip-to-tip interval of the horns is 
often between 7 and 8 feet. Darwin ^ states, however, 
that some Namaqua cattle much resemble European 
breeds in size and shape, and have short, stout horns 
and large hoofs. Writing of the Damara breed, the 
same author observes that these "are very peculiar, 
being big-boned, with slender legs and small, hard 
feet ; their tails are adorned with a tuft of long, bushy 
hair nearly touching the ground, and their horns are 
extraordinarily long." In some cases, at any rate, the 
coat is marked with dark blotches on a light ground, 
in the same " leopard " fashion as the ancient Egyptian 
longhorns. 
Cattle agreeing more or less closely with this type 
extend along the west coast as far as Mossamedes 
and Benguela, although the horns seldom exceed 
4 or 5 feet from tip to tip. Farther north, however, 
indigenous cattle are wanting for a considerable 
^ Loc. cit. 
