1 84 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
and the buffalo, just as the Assyrian term rim may 
have been used for both, and as the name aurochs 
became transferred for a time to the bison. 
In Tunis, where they are stated to have been 
introduced from Naples, buffaloes have reverted to 
a wild condition ; and they also roam the plains of 
certain parts of Hungary in a nearly wild state, each 
herd being under the leadership of a master-bull. 
The Toda buffaloes of the Indian Nilgiris, although 
under the control of their owners, are likewise half- 
wild, and frequently attack natives of other tribes, 
while Europeans are known to have been now and 
then injured by their attacks. Much the same is the 
case with some of the buffaloes of the forests of the 
outer Himalaya, as I know by personal experience. 
In spite of their being for the most part in but 
a half-domesticated condition, buffaloes in different 
parts of India have been very considerably modified 
by selection and elimination, so that there are now 
numerous more or less well-defined local breeds, 
distinguished by differences in bodily size, in build, 
in the form and length of the horns, and in certain 
other characters. None of these breeds, however, 
differs from the original to anything like the same 
extent as is the case with many breeds of European 
cattle. 
One of the largest breeds is the Jafferabad, kept 
by the natives of the hilly forest-districts of Kathia- 
war in north-western India, old bulls of this type 
standing fully 5 feet at the shoulder. These buffaloes 
are heavy, ill-made beasts, with the large horns bend- 
ing downwards, nearly at right angles to the plane of 
the centre of the forehead, and after continuing for 
some distance in the same direction, are curved in an 
